Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Parasitol Res. 2011 Jun;108(6):1465-71. doi: 10.1007/s00436-010-2195-1. Epub 2010 Dec 14.
Malaria transmission was assessed in two rural communities, Kona and Afamanaso in Sekyere South district, Ashanti Region, in the forest zone of Ghana to provide baseline data for ongoing clinical studies and the evaluation of the effect of interventions. Altogether, 3,479 Anopheles gambiae and 1,157 Anopheles funestus were caught by human landing catches. Sporozoite rates determined by either microscopy of salivary glands or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Plasmodium falciparum in the two villages were 6.6% vs. 8.9% for the main vector A. gambiae and 3.2% vs. 6.3% for A. funestus. ELISA tests of dissected specimens compared to microscopy of salivary glands were 1.3 and 2.0 times more positive for A. gambiae and A. funestus, respectively. Plasmodium infections of 122 microscopically positive salivary glands of A. gambiae were identified by real-time PCR as 95 (77.9%) P. falciparum, 7 (5.7%) Plasmodium malariae, 7 (5.7%) Plasmodium ovale and 1 (0.8%) mixed infection of P. falciparum and P. malariae. Transmission in the area was found to be intense and perennial with some seasonal variations during the study period from Dec. 2003 to Aug. 2005. Although the two villages were only 10 km apart from each other, Annual Biting Rates (ABRs) and Annual Entomological Inoculation Rates (AEIRs) were much higher at Afamanaso (11,643 vs. 866) than at Kona (5,329 vs. 490). Most of the transmission (91.4%) occurred during bedtime hours from 21 to 6 h. It is important to note that there was still a substantial transmission before 21 h with AEIRs of 57.3 at Afamanso and 38.7 at Kona. The distribution of impregnated bednets alone, therefore, may not be sufficiently effective.
疟疾传播在阿散蒂地区 Sekyere 南部的 Kona 和 Afamanaso 两个农村社区进行了评估，为正在进行的临床研究和干预效果评估提供了基线数据。总共捕获了 3479 只冈比亚按蚊和 1157 只疟蚊。通过显微镜检查唾液腺或酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测两种村庄的恶性疟原虫裂殖体率分别为 6.6%对主要媒介冈比亚按蚊的 8.9%和 3.2%对疟蚊的 6.3%。与唾液腺显微镜检查相比，对解剖标本的 ELISA 检测对冈比亚按蚊和疟蚊分别呈阳性的比例分别高出 1.3 倍和 2.0 倍。实时 PCR 鉴定了 122 只经显微镜检查呈阳性的冈比亚按蚊唾液腺中的疟原虫感染，结果为 95 只（77.9%）恶性疟原虫、7 只（5.7%）间日疟原虫、7 只（5.7%）卵形疟原虫和 1 只（0.8%）恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫混合感染。研究期间（2003 年 12 月至 2005 年 8 月）发现该地区的疟疾传播非常强烈且常年存在，季节性变化。尽管这两个村庄彼此相距仅 10 公里，但 Afamanaso 的年叮咬率（ABR）和年昆虫接种率（AEIR）分别为 11643 和 866，明显高于 Kona 的 5329 和 490。大多数传播（91.4%）发生在 21 点至 6 点的睡眠时间。需要注意的是，在 21 点之前仍有大量传播，Afamanso 的 AEIR 为 57.3，Kona 的 AEIR 为 38.7。仅分发驱虫蚊帐可能不够有效。
