Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011 Mar;65(3):386-93. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.266. Epub 2010 Dec 15.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is commonly associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and increased inflammation, which all benefit from dietary intake of monounsaturated and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and n-3 PUFA). Our goal was to compare the effects of MUFA-rich almonds vs n-3/n-6 PUFA-rich walnuts on metabolic and endocrine parameters in PCOS.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Thirty-one PCOS patients randomly received either walnuts or almonds containing 31 g of total fat per day for 6 weeks. At the beginning and at the end, anthropometric parameters, fasting lipids, phospholipid-fatty acids, inflammatory markers, androgens, oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and frequently sampled intravenous-GTT were obtained.
Weight remained stable. Within group, walnuts increased the n-3/n-6 essential PUFA in the diet and plasma phospholipids. Walnuts decreased low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol by 6% from 3.76 ± 0.27 to 3.38 ± 0.22 mmol/l (P = 0.05) and apoprotein B by 11% from 0.72 ± 0.04 to 0.64 ± 0.05 g/l (P < 0.03). Although almonds also reduced low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol by 10% and apoprotein B by 9%, these were not significant. Walnuts increased insulin response during OGTT by 26% (P < 0.02). Both walnuts and almonds increased adiponectin (walnuts from 9.5 ± 1.6 to 11.3 ± 1.8 μg per 100 ml, P = 0.0241; almonds from 10.1 ± 1.5 to 12.2 ± 1.4 μg/dl, P = 0.0262). Walnuts decreased HgBA1 from 5.7 ± 0.1 to 5.5 ± 0.1% (P = 0.0006) with significant intergroup difference from almonds (P=0.0470). Walnuts increased sex hormone-binding globulin from 38.3 ± 4.1 to 43.1 ± 4.3 nmol/l (P=0.0038) and almonds reduced free androgen index from 2.6 ± 0.4 to 1.8 ± 0.3 (P = 0.0470).
Nut intake exerted beneficial effects on plasma lipids and androgens in PCOS.
背景/目的：多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）通常与胰岛素抵抗、血脂异常和炎症增加有关，这些都可以通过摄入单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）和 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA 和 n-3 PUFA）得到改善。我们的目标是比较富含 MUFA 的杏仁和富含 n-3/n-6 PUFA 的核桃对 PCOS 患者代谢和内分泌参数的影响。
受试者/方法：31 名 PCOS 患者随机接受每天含有 31 克总脂肪的核桃或杏仁，持续 6 周。在开始和结束时，测量了人体测量参数、空腹血脂、磷脂脂肪酸、炎症标志物、雄激素、口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）和频繁采样静脉葡萄糖耐量试验。
体重保持稳定。组内比较，核桃增加了饮食和血浆磷脂中的 n-3/n-6 必需 PUFA。核桃使 LDL-胆固醇降低 6%，从 3.76±0.27 降至 3.38±0.22mmol/L（P=0.05），载脂蛋白 B 降低 11%，从 0.72±0.04 降至 0.64±0.05g/L（P<0.03）。尽管杏仁也使 LDL-胆固醇降低了 10%，载脂蛋白 B 降低了 9%，但这并不显著。核桃使 OGTT 期间的胰岛素反应增加了 26%（P<0.02）。核桃和杏仁都使脂联素增加（核桃从 9.5±1.6 增加到 11.3±1.8μg/100ml，P=0.0241；杏仁从 10.1±1.5 增加到 12.2±1.4μg/dl，P=0.0262）。核桃使 HgBA1 从 5.7±0.1 降至 5.5±0.1%（P=0.0006），与杏仁组相比有显著差异（P=0.0470）。核桃使性激素结合球蛋白从 38.3±4.1 增加到 43.1±4.3nmol/L（P=0.0038），杏仁使游离雄激素指数从 2.6±0.4 降至 1.8±0.3（P=0.0470）。
坚果摄入对 PCOS 患者的血浆脂质和雄激素有有益的影响。
