Servicio de Micología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011 Jan;66 Suppl 1:i15-24. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkq438.
A comprehensive review of diagnostic techniques for opportunistic systemic mycoses focused on invasive mould disease in immunocompromised patients is presented. We first analysed conventional diagnostic methods, such as microscopy examination, culture and radiology, underlining their limitations, which have led to the development of alternative methods, such as the detection of fungal components. Among these we highlight fungal antigen and DNA quantification, which make it possible to detect infections early and start appropriate treatment. We also briefly review the methods for carrying out susceptibility tests for antifungal drugs, including reference procedures, commercial techniques and their indications. Furthermore, we analyse the recommendations for therapeutic drug monitoring of antifungal agents in body fluids.
本文对机会性系统性真菌感染的诊断技术进行了全面综述，重点关注免疫功能低下患者的侵袭性霉菌病。我们首先分析了传统的诊断方法，如显微镜检查、培养和影像学检查，并强调了它们的局限性，这导致了替代方法的发展，如真菌成分的检测。在这些方法中，我们重点介绍了真菌抗原和 DNA 定量检测，这使得早期检测感染和开始适当治疗成为可能。我们还简要回顾了进行抗真菌药物药敏试验的方法，包括参考程序、商业技术及其适应证。此外，我们还分析了体液中抗真菌药物治疗药物监测的建议。
