FAME Laboratory, Institute of Human Performance and Rehabilitation, Centre for Research and Technology Thessaly, Trikala, Greece.
Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2011 Mar;17(2):110-5. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0b013e328343165d.
This review critically evaluates the existing biological evidence regarding the immediate and short-term respiratory consequences of secondhand smoke (SHS).
A 1-h exposure to SHS at bar/restaurant levels generates a marked inflammatory reaction and significant decrements on lung function. These deleterious effects of SHS are exacerbated when physical activity follows the SHS exposure, particularly in less fit individuals. The main respiratory effect mechanisms of SHS include a direct induction of growth factors resulting in airway remodelling and alterations in nitric oxide regulation. Pharmacological agents that increase either apical membrane chloride conductance or basolateral membrane potassium conductance may be of therapeutic benefit in patients with diseases related to SHS exposure. Moreover, treatment with statins has shown beneficial effects towards preventing the SHS-induced pulmonary hypertension, vascular remodelling, and endothelial dysfunction.
Based on recently discovered evidence, even brief and short-term exposures to SHS generate significant adverse effects on the human respiratory system. Future research directions in this area include the concentrations of tobacco smoke constituents in the alveolar milieu following SHS exposure, individual susceptibility to SHS, as well as pharmacological treatments for reversing the SHS-induced airway remodelling.
本综述批判性地评估了二手烟（SHS）对即时和短期呼吸系统影响的现有生物学证据。
在酒吧/餐馆水平下暴露于 SHS 1 小时会引起明显的炎症反应和肺功能显著下降。当 SHS 暴露后紧接着进行体力活动时，这种 SHS 的有害影响会加剧，尤其是在身体不太健康的个体中。SHS 的主要呼吸影响机制包括直接诱导生长因子，导致气道重塑和一氧化氮调节的改变。增加顶端膜氯离子电导或基底外侧膜钾离子电导的药物可能对与 SHS 暴露相关的疾病患者具有治疗益处。此外，他汀类药物治疗已显示出对预防 SHS 引起的肺动脉高压、血管重塑和内皮功能障碍有益的效果。
根据最近发现的证据，即使是短暂和短期暴露于 SHS 也会对人体呼吸系统产生重大的不良影响。该领域的未来研究方向包括 SHS 暴露后肺泡环境中烟草烟雾成分的浓度、个体对 SHS 的易感性以及逆转 SHS 引起的气道重塑的药物治疗。
