Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal, do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Environ Monit Assess. 2011 Sep;180(1-4):589-99. doi: 10.1007/s10661-010-1807-7. Epub 2010 Dec 29.
Diverse genetic biomarkers have been used to evaluate the effects of pollution by mutagenic agents such as metals and pesticides, as well as a large variety of chemical substances derived from human activities. This work researched the effects that an exposure of 60 days to the insecticide Fipronil (concentrations of 0.05, 0.10 and 0.23 μg/L) can cause in the fish Rhamdia quelen using Comet assay with gills, histopathological analysis of gills and the Piscine Micronucleus test and Nuclear Morphological Alterations. The results for the Comet assay and for gills histopathological injuries showed no difference between the control group and the contaminated groups. In the Piscine Micronucleus test, the smallest concentration of Fipronil (0.05 μg/L) was similar as the control group, while concentrations of 0.10 and 0.23 μg/L caused more damage to the DNA. These results suggested that only the highest concentrations of Fipronil tested cause damage in erythrocytes, but none of these concentrations was sufficient to alter the DNA in the gill cells. R. quelen may be a less sensitive bioindicator than other fish that have been tested. On the other hand, the concentrations used may not have been sufficient to detect alterations in the DNA of R. quelen with the chosen tests. Works like this take on great importance given the enormous quantity of substances that are thrown daily into the environment in an uncontrolled way, without evaluation of the consequences. The application of these tests with other concentrations, tissues and exposure times is suggested for future works.
已经使用了多种遗传生物标志物来评估诱变剂（如金属和农药）以及大量源自人类活动的化学物质对污染的影响。这项工作研究了暴露于杀虫剂氟虫腈（浓度为 0.05、0.10 和 0.23μg/L）60 天对虹鳟鱼 Rhamdia quelen 的影响，使用了鳃 Comet 试验、鳃组织病理学分析以及鱼类微核试验和核形态改变。Comet 试验和鳃组织病理学损伤的结果表明，对照组和污染组之间没有差异。在鱼类微核试验中，氟虫腈的最小浓度（0.05μg/L）与对照组相似，而浓度为 0.10 和 0.23μg/L 时则对 DNA 造成了更大的损伤。这些结果表明，只有测试的最高浓度的氟虫腈会对红细胞造成损害，但这些浓度都不足以改变鳃细胞的 DNA。R. quelen 可能比其他已经测试过的鱼类作为生物指示剂的敏感度更低。另一方面，所使用的浓度可能不足以用所选的试验检测到 R. quelen 的 DNA 发生改变。鉴于大量的物质每天都以不受控制的方式被排放到环境中，而没有对后果进行评估，因此开展这样的工作非常重要。建议在未来的工作中应用这些测试来研究其他浓度、组织和暴露时间。
