草甘膦抗性和草甘膦敏感大豆对草甘膦代谢物氨甲基膦酸的生理反应。
Physiological responses of glyphosate-resistant and glyphosate-sensitive soybean to aminomethylphosphonic acid, a metabolite of glyphosate.
机构信息
US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Crop Production Systems Research Unit, P.O. Box 350, 141 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA.
出版信息
Chemosphere. 2011 Apr;83(4):593-8. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.12.008. Epub 2010 Dec 28.
Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is formed in glyphosate-treated glyphosate-resistant (GR) and glyphosate-sensitive (GS) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plants and is known to cause yellowing in soybean. Although, AMPA is less phytotoxic than glyphosate, its mode of action is different from that of glyphosate and is still unknown. Greenhouse studies were conducted at Stoneville, MS to determine the effects of AMPA on plant growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, nodulation, nitrogenase activity, nitrate reductase activity, and shoot nitrogen content in GR and GS soybeans. AMPA was applied to one- to two-trifoliolate leaf stage soybeans at 0.1 and 1.0 kg ha(-1), representing a scenario of 10% and 100% degradation of glyphosate (1.0 kg ae ha(-1) use rate) to AMPA, respectively. Overall, AMPA effects were more pronounced at 1.0 kg ha(-1) than at 0.1 kg ha(-1) rate. Visual plant injury (18-27%) was observed on young leaves within 3d after treatment (DAT) with AMPA at the higher rate regardless of soybean type. AMPA injury peaked to 46-49% at 14 DAT and decreased to 17-18% by 28 DAT, in both soybean types. AMPA reduced the chlorophyll content by 37%, 48%, 66%, and 23% in GR soybean, and 17%, 48%, 57%, and 22% in GS soybean at 3, 7, 14, and 28 DAT, respectively. AMPA reduced the photosynthesis rate by 65%, 85%, and 77% in GR soybean and 59%, 88%, and 69% in GS soybean at 3, 7, and 14 DAT, respectively, compared to non-treated plants. Similarly, AMPA reduced stomatal conductance to water vapor and transpiration rates at 3, 7, and 14 DAT compared to non-treated plants in both soybean types. Photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate recovered to the levels of non-treated plants by 28 DAT. Plant height and shoot dry weight at 28 DAT; nodulation, nitrogenase activity at 10 DAT, and nitrate reductase activity at 3 and 14 DAT were unaffected by AMPA. AMPA reduced root respiration and shoot nitrogen content at 10 DAT. These results suggest that a foliar application of AMPA could indirectly reduce photosynthesis through decreased chlorophyll content in GR and GS soybean up to 14 DAT, but affected plants can recover to normal growth by 28 DAT.
氨甲基膦酸（AMPA）在草甘膦处理的抗草甘膦（GR）和草甘膦敏感（GS）大豆[ Glycine max （L.）Merr.]植物中形成，已知会导致大豆叶片发黄。虽然 AMPA 的植物毒性比草甘膦低，但它的作用模式与草甘膦不同，目前仍不清楚。在密西西比州斯通维尔进行了温室研究，以确定 AMPA 对 GR 和 GS 大豆植物生长、叶绿素含量、光合作用、结瘤、固氮酶活性、硝酸还原酶活性和茎氮含量的影响。在大豆一叶至二叶期，以 0.1 和 1.0 kg ha(-1)的剂量叶面喷施 AMPA，分别代表草甘膦（1.0 kg ae ha(-1)的使用量）降解为 AMPA 的 10%和 100%。总体而言，与 0.1 kg ha(-1)相比，1.0 kg ha(-1)的 AMPA 处理对植物的影响更为明显。无论大豆类型如何，在高剂量处理后 3 天（DAT）内，幼叶上都观察到了 18-27%的肉眼可见的植物损伤。在 14 DAT 时，AMPA 损伤达到 46-49%的峰值，到 28 DAT 时，在两种大豆类型中均降至 17-18%。在 GR 大豆中，AMPA 在 3、7、14 和 28 DAT 时分别使叶绿素含量降低 37%、48%、66%和 23%，在 GS 大豆中分别降低 17%、48%、57%和 22%。在 GR 大豆中，与未处理的植株相比，AMPA 在 3、7 和 14 DAT 时使光合作用率分别降低了 65%、85%和 77%，在 GS 大豆中分别降低了 59%、88%和 69%。同样，与未处理的植株相比，在两种大豆类型中，AMPA 在 3、7 和 14 DAT 时降低了气孔导度和蒸腾速率。到 28 DAT 时，光合作用率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率恢复到未处理植株的水平。在 28 DAT 时，株高和地上部干重；结瘤、固氮酶活性在 10 DAT 时，硝酸还原酶活性在 3 和 14 DAT 时不受 AMPA 的影响。AMPA 在 10 DAT 时降低了根呼吸和地上部氮含量。这些结果表明，叶面喷施 AMPA 可通过降低 GR 和 GS 大豆中的叶绿素含量，在 14 DAT 之前间接降低光合作用，但受影响的植物可在 28 DAT 时恢复正常生长。
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