Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Mol Med. 2011 May-Jun;17(5-6):568-73. doi: 10.2119/molmed.2010.00146. Epub 2011 Jan 4.
Coagulation is fundamental for the confinement of infection and/or the inflammatory response to a limited area. Under pathological inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, multiple sclerosis or sepsis, an uncontrolled activation of the coagulation system contributes to inflammation, microvascular failure and organ dysfunction. Coagulation is initiated by the activation of thrombin, which, in turn, triggers fibrin formation by the release of fibrinopeptides. Fibrin is cleaved by plasmin, resulting in clot lysis and an accompanied generation of fibrin fragments such as D and E fragments. Various coagulation factors, including fibrinogen and/or fibrin [fibrin(ogen)] and also fibrin degradation products, modulate the inflammatory response by affecting leukocyte migration and cytokine production. Fibrin fragments are mostly proinflammatory, however, Bβ15-42 in particular possesses potential antiinflammatory effects. Bβ15-42 inhibits Rho-kinase activation by dissociating Fyn from Rho and, hence prevents stress-induced loss of endothelial barrier function and also leukocyte migration. This article summarizes the state-of-the-art in inflammatory modulation by fibrin(ogen) and fibrin fragments. However, further research is required to gain better understanding of the entire role fibrin fragments play during inflammation and, possibly, disease development.
凝血对于感染的局限和/或炎症反应的局限是至关重要的。在关节炎、多发性硬化症或败血症等病理炎症条件下，凝血系统的失控激活会导致炎症、微血管衰竭和器官功能障碍。凝血是通过凝血酶的激活启动的，凝血酶反过来通过释放纤维蛋白肽触发纤维蛋白的形成。纤维蛋白被纤溶酶裂解，导致血栓溶解，并伴随纤维蛋白片段（如 D 和 E 片段）的产生。各种凝血因子，包括纤维蛋白原和/或纤维蛋白（原）以及纤维蛋白降解产物，通过影响白细胞迁移和细胞因子产生来调节炎症反应。纤维蛋白片段大多具有促炎作用，但 Bβ15-42 尤其具有潜在的抗炎作用。Bβ15-42 通过将 Fyn 从 Rho 上解离来抑制 Rho-激酶的激活，从而防止应激诱导的内皮屏障功能丧失和白细胞迁移。本文总结了纤维蛋白原和纤维蛋白片段对炎症的调节的最新进展。然而，需要进一步的研究来更好地理解纤维蛋白片段在炎症期间以及可能在疾病发展过程中所起的全部作用。
