Yokoyama R, Yokoyama S
Department of Ecology, Ethology and Evolution, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 61801.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Dec;87(23):9315-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.23.9315.
We have isolated and sequenced genes from the blind cave fish, Astyanax fasciatus, that are homologous to the human red and green visual pigment genes. The data strongly suggest that, like human, these fish have one red-like visual pigment gene and multiple green-like visual pigment genes. By comparing the DNA sequences of the human and fish visual pigment genes and knowing their phylogenetic relationship, one can infer the direction of amino acid substitutions in the red and green visual pigments. The results indicate that the red pigments in human and fish evolved from the green pigment independently by identical amino acid substitutions in only a few key positions.
我们已经从盲眼洞穴鱼——条纹丽脂鲤中分离并测序了与人类红色和绿色视觉色素基因同源的基因。数据有力地表明,与人类一样,这些鱼有一个类似红色的视觉色素基因和多个类似绿色的视觉色素基因。通过比较人类和鱼类视觉色素基因的DNA序列并了解它们的系统发育关系,可以推断红色和绿色视觉色素中氨基酸替换的方向。结果表明,人类和鱼类的红色色素是通过仅在少数几个关键位置的相同氨基酸替换,从绿色色素独立进化而来的。