Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
J Strength Cond Res. 2011 May;25(5):1249-55. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181da77df.
Despite being addressed in a number of previous studies, the controversy regarding the generality vs. specificity of jumping, sprinting, and change-of-direction speed (CODS) abilities still remains unresolved. Here, we tested the hypotheses that jumping, sprinting, and CODS represent separate and specific motor abilities, and that the jumping ability based on concentric and slow stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) is relatively independent of the same ability based on fast SSC. Eighty-seven male college athletes performed 3 concentric/slow SSC and 3 fast SSC jump tests, 4 sprint tests, and 3 CODS tests. The hypotheses were tested by means of the principal component factor analysis (PCA). The applied procedure reduced the greater number of manifest variables to a smaller number of independent latent dimensions or factors and, thereafter, assessed the relationships among them. The PCA revealed a relatively simple and consistent structure consisting of 4 separate factors that explained nearly 80% of variance of the applied tests. The factors appeared to correspond to the sprinting ability, concentric/slow SSC jumping ability, fast SSC jumping ability, and CODS ability. Further analyses revealed that the extracted factors were mainly independent, because they shared only between 6 and 23% of the common variance. These results supported our hypotheses regarding the specificity of jumping, sprinting, and CODS abilities, and specificity of the concentric/slow SSC and fast SSC jumping abilities. Coaches and strength and conditioning professionals should, therefore, use separate performance tests for the assessment of the studied abilities.
尽管在之前的多项研究中已经探讨过这个问题，但有关跳跃、短跑和变向速度（CODS）能力的一般性和特异性的争议仍未得到解决。在这里，我们检验了以下假设：跳跃、短跑和 CODS 代表不同的、特异性的运动能力，并且基于向心和慢速伸缩-缩短周期（SSC）的跳跃能力相对独立于基于快速 SSC 的相同能力。87 名男性大学生运动员进行了 3 次基于向心/慢速 SSC 和 3 次快速 SSC 的跳跃测试、4 次短跑测试和 3 次 CODS 测试。通过主成分因子分析（PCA）检验假设。所应用的程序将大量的显式变量减少到较少的独立潜在维度或因子，并评估它们之间的关系。PCA 揭示了一个相对简单和一致的结构，由 4 个独立的因素组成，这些因素解释了应用测试的近 80%的方差。这些因素似乎与短跑能力、向心/慢速 SSC 跳跃能力、快速 SSC 跳跃能力和 CODS 能力相对应。进一步的分析表明，提取的因素主要是独立的，因为它们仅共享应用测试共同方差的 6%至 23%。这些结果支持我们关于跳跃、短跑和 CODS 能力特异性以及向心/慢速 SSC 和快速 SSC 跳跃能力特异性的假设。因此，教练和力量与体能训练专业人员应该使用单独的性能测试来评估所研究的能力。
