Young W, McLean B, Ardagna J
Biomechanics Department, Australian Institute of Sport, Belconnen, Australia.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1995 Mar;35(1):13-9.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between strength measures and sprinting performance, and to determine if these relationships varied for different phases of sprint running. Twenty (11 males and 9 females) elite junior track and field athletes served as subjects. Athletes performed maximum sprints to 50 m from a block start and time to 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 m were recorded by electronic timing gates. The resultant forces applied to the blocks were obtained from two force platforms. Twenty-seven measures of strength and speed-strength (absolute and relative to bodyweight) were collected from the height jumped and the force-time curve recorded from the takeoff phase of vertical jumping movements utilizing pure concentric, stretch shortening cycle (SSC) and isometric muscular contractions. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the single best predictor of starting performance (2.5 m time) was the peak force (relative to bodyweight) generated during a jump from a 120 degree knee angle (concentric contraction) (r = 0.86, p = 0.0001). The single best correlate of maximum sprinting speed was the force applied at 100 ms (relative to bodyweight) from the start of a loaded jumping action (concentric contraction) (r = 0.80, p = 0.0001). SSC measures and maximum absolute strength were more related to maximum sprinting speed than starting ability. It was concluded that strength qualities were related to sprinting performance and these relationships differed for starting and maximum speed sprinting.
本研究的目的是调查力量指标与短跑成绩之间的关系，并确定这些关系在短跑的不同阶段是否有所不同。二十名（11名男性和9名女性）精英青少年田径运动员作为受试者。运动员从起跑器出发进行50米的全力冲刺，电子计时门记录2.5米、5米、10米、20米、30米、40米和50米处的时间。施加在起跑器上的合力由两个测力平台获得。从垂直跳跃动作起跳阶段利用单纯向心收缩、拉长缩短周期（SSC）和等长肌肉收缩所记录的跳高成绩和力-时间曲线中收集了27项力量和速度-力量指标（绝对值和相对于体重）。Pearson相关分析显示，起跑成绩（2.5米处时间）的最佳单一预测指标是从120度膝关节角度起跳（向心收缩）时产生的峰值力（相对于体重）（r = 0.86，p = 0.0001）。最大短跑速度的最佳单一相关指标是从负重跳跃动作开始（向心收缩）100毫秒时施加的力（相对于体重）（r = 0.80，p = 0.0001）。与起跑能力相比，SSC指标和最大绝对力量与最大短跑速度的相关性更强。得出的结论是，力量素质与短跑成绩相关，并且这些关系在起跑和最大速度短跑时有所不同。
