University of Louisville, Division of Nephrology, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2011 Apr;12(5):691-704. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2011.535518. Epub 2011 Jan 21.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with the development of a wide spectrum of kidney diseases. HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in HIV-infected individuals and predominantly affects patients of African ancestry. HIVAN is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among African-Americans.
An overview of the spectrum of kidney disease in patients with HIV is given. Current pharmacologic interventions to treat kidney disease in HIV are discussed. This review will enhance knowledge regarding the most common causes of kidney disease in HIV-infected patients. An understanding of the principles related to pharmacotherapy in HIV-infected patients with kidney disease will also be gained.
Kidney disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. The most common cause of chronic kidney disease in this population is HIV-associated nephropathy, which is caused by viral infection of the renal epithelium. Several medications that are commonly used in HIV-infected patients can have adverse effects on the kidneys and the doses of many antiretroviral medications need to be adjusted in patients with impaired renal function.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染与广泛的肾脏疾病的发展有关。HIV 相关性肾病（HIVAN）是 HIV 感染者中慢性肾脏病（CKD）的最常见原因，主要影响非洲裔患者。HIVAN 是非洲裔美国人终末期肾脏疾病（ESRD）的主要原因。
本文概述了 HIV 感染者肾脏疾病的范围。讨论了目前用于治疗 HIV 相关肾脏疾病的药物干预措施。这篇综述将增强对 HIV 感染者肾脏疾病最常见原因的认识。还将了解与 HIV 感染伴有肾脏疾病患者的药物治疗相关的原则。
肾脏疾病是 HIV 感染者发病率和死亡率的重要原因。该人群中慢性肾脏病的最常见原因是 HIV 相关性肾病，这是由肾脏上皮细胞的病毒感染引起的。HIV 感染者中常用的几种药物会对肾脏产生不良影响，许多抗逆转录病毒药物的剂量需要根据肾功能受损患者进行调整。
