Lindner K J, Caine D J
Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation Studies, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg.
Can J Sport Sci. 1990 Dec;15(4):254-61.
Gymnast and injury information on 178 competitive female gymnasts was collected through questionnaires and interviews in a 3-year prospective epidemiologic study. The injury rate was 30/100 gymnasts/year, .52 injuries/1000 h. Injury rates excluding risk exposure increased with competitive level, but the top level gymnasts had the lowest rate per 1000 h of practice. Fractures of the wrist, fingers and toes were most common, followed by sprains of ankle and knee. Nearly 40% of the sudden-onset injuries occurred in the floor event. 'Missed move' was most frequently cited as the injury mechanism, while somersaults and handsprings were the most injury-producing moves. Most injuries happened with moves that were basic or moderately difficult and well-established. There was an increased chance of injury when the gymnast had been on the apparatus for an extended period of time. One major source of injury is loss of concentration, and a key to injury prevention may be the reorganization of the practice session.
在一项为期3年的前瞻性流行病学研究中，通过问卷调查和访谈收集了178名竞技女子体操运动员的体操和伤病信息。损伤率为30/100名体操运动员/年，即0.52次损伤/1000小时。排除风险暴露后的损伤率随竞技水平的提高而增加，但顶级体操运动员每1000小时训练的损伤率最低。手腕、手指和脚趾骨折最为常见，其次是脚踝和膝盖扭伤。近40%的突发损伤发生在自由体操项目中。“动作失误”是最常被提及的损伤机制，而翻跟头和手翻是最容易导致损伤的动作。大多数损伤发生在基本或中等难度且已确立的动作中。当体操运动员在器械上停留较长时间时，受伤的可能性会增加。损伤的一个主要原因是注意力不集中，预防损伤的关键可能是重新安排训练课程。
