Department of Food Science and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA.
Annu Rev Biochem. 2011;80:859-83. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060409-092229.
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with its full complement of organelles, synthesizes membrane phospholipids by pathways that are generally common to those found in higher eukaryotes. Phospholipid synthesis in yeast is regulated in response to a variety of growth conditions (e.g., inositol supplementation, zinc depletion, and growth stage) by a coordination of genetic (e.g., transcriptional activation and repression) and biochemical (e.g., activity modulation and localization) mechanisms. Phosphatidate (PA), whose cellular levels are controlled by the activities of key phospholipid synthesis enzymes, plays a central role in the transcriptional regulation of phospholipid synthesis genes. In addition to the regulation of gene expression, phosphorylation of key phospholipid synthesis catalytic and regulatory proteins controls the metabolism of phospholipid precursors and products.
酵母酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)具有完整的细胞器，通过普遍存在于高等真核生物中的途径合成膜磷脂。酵母中的磷脂合成受到多种生长条件（如肌醇补充、锌耗竭和生长阶段）的调节，通过遗传（如转录激活和抑制）和生化（如活性调节和定位）机制的协调来实现。磷酸脂（PA）的细胞水平受关键磷脂合成酶的活性控制，在磷脂合成基因的转录调控中发挥核心作用。除了对基因表达的调节外，关键磷脂合成催化和调节蛋白的磷酸化还控制着磷脂前体和产物的代谢。
