Departments of Anaesthesiology Intensive Care Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2011 Mar;71(3):316-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03798.x.
Many methods of cardiac output measurement have been developed, but the number of methods useful for human pharmacological studies is limited. The 'holy grail' for the measurement of cardiac output would be a method that is accurate, precise, operator independent, fast responding, non-invasive, continuous, easy to use, cheap and safe. This method does not exist today. In this review on cardiac output methods used in pharmacology, the Fick principle, indicator dilution techniques, arterial pulse contour analysis, ultrasound and bio-impedance are reviewed.
已经开发出许多心输出量测量方法，但对人类药理学研究有用的方法数量有限。心输出量测量的“圣杯”将是一种准确、精确、不依赖操作人员、快速响应、非侵入性、连续、易于使用、廉价和安全的方法。目前还没有这样的方法。在这篇关于药理学中使用的心输出量方法的综述中，回顾了 Fick 原理、指示剂稀释技术、动脉脉搏轮廓分析、超声和生物阻抗。
