Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011 Feb 6;8:8. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-8.
Evidence suggests possible synergetic effects of multiple lifestyle behaviors on health risks like obesity and other health outcomes. Therefore it is important to investigate associations between dietary and physical activity behavior, the two most important lifestyle behaviors influencing our energy balance and body composition. The objective of the present study is to describe the relationship between energy, nutrient and food intake and the physical activity level among a large group of European adolescents.
The study comprised a total of 2176 adolescents (46.2% male) from ten European cities participating in the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study. Dietary intake and physical activity were assessed using validated 24-h dietary recalls and self-reported questionnaires respectively. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to compare the energy and nutrient intake and the food consumption between groups of adolescents with different physical activity levels (1st to 3rd tertile).
In both sexes no differences were found in energy intake between the levels of physical activity. The most active males showed a higher intake of polysaccharides, protein, water and vitamin C and a lower intake of saccharides compared to less active males. Females with the highest physical activity level consumed more polysaccharides compared to their least active peers. Male and female adolescents with the highest physical activity levels, consumed more fruit and milk products and less cheese compared to the least active adolescents. The most active males showed higher intakes of vegetables and meat, fish, eggs, meat substitutes and vegetarian products compared to the least active ones. The least active males reported the highest consumption of grain products and potatoes. Within the female group, significantly lower intakes of bread and cereal products and spreads were found for those reporting to spend most time in moderate to vigorous physical activity. The consumption of foods from the remaining food groups, did not differ between the physical activity levels in both sexes.
It can be concluded that dietary habits diverge between adolescents with different self-reported physical activity levels. For some food groups a difference in intake could be found, which were reflected in differences in some nutrient intakes. It can also be concluded that physically active adolescents are not always inclined to eat healthier diets than their less active peers.
有证据表明，多种生活方式行为可能对肥胖和其他健康结果等健康风险产生协同作用。因此，研究饮食和体育活动行为之间的关系非常重要，这两种行为是影响我们能量平衡和身体成分的最重要的生活方式行为。本研究的目的是描述一大群欧洲青少年的能量、营养和食物摄入与身体活动水平之间的关系。
本研究共纳入来自欧洲十个城市的 2176 名青少年（46.2%为男性），他们参加了 HELENA（青少年营养与欧洲健康生活方式）研究。使用经过验证的 24 小时膳食回顾和自我报告问卷分别评估膳食摄入和身体活动情况。采用协方差分析（ANCOVA）比较不同身体活动水平（第 1 至第 3 三分位）青少年组之间的能量和营养摄入以及食物消费。
在男性和女性中，身体活动水平之间的能量摄入没有差异。最活跃的男性摄入的多糖、蛋白质、水和维生素 C 较高，而摄入的糖类较少。身体活动水平最高的女性摄入的多糖比活动最少的女性多。身体活动水平最高的男性和女性青少年摄入的水果和奶制品较多，而摄入的奶酪较少。最活跃的男性摄入的蔬菜和肉类、鱼类、鸡蛋、肉类替代品和素食产品较多，而最不活跃的男性则摄入较多的谷物产品和土豆。在女性组中，报告大部分时间从事中度到剧烈身体活动的青少年，面包和谷物产品以及涂抹酱的摄入量明显较低。在男女两性中，不同身体活动水平之间的其余食物组的食物消费没有差异。
可以得出结论，不同自我报告身体活动水平的青少年的饮食习惯存在差异。对于一些食物组，可以发现摄入量的差异，这反映在一些营养素摄入量的差异上。还可以得出结论，活跃的青少年并不总是倾向于比他们不活跃的同龄人更健康地饮食。
