J Photochem Photobiol B. 2011 Jul-Aug;104(1-2):236-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.12.010. Epub 2011 Jan 4.
Chlorophyll a fluorescence is a highly sensitive, non-destructive, and reliable tool for measuring, rather quickly, photosynthetic efficiency, particularly of Photosystem II (PSII), the water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase. We briefly review here the connection between the fast (up to 2 s) chlorophyll fluorescence rise and PSII, as well as the empirical use of the fluorescence rise kinetics in understanding photosynthetic reactions, particularly of PSII. When dark-adapted photosynthetic samples are exposed to light, a fluorescence induction is observed, known as the Kautsky effect, after Hans Kautsky, the discoverer of the phenomenon showing the existence of variable fluorescence. The chlorophyll fluorescence intensity rises from a minimum level (the O level), in less than 1 s, to a maximum level (the P-level) via two intermediate steps labeled J and I. This is followed by a decline to a lower semi-steady state level, the S level, which is reached in about one minute. We provide here an educational review on how this phenomenon has been exploited through analysis of the fast OJIP fluorescence transient, by discussing basic assumptions, derivation of equations, as well as application to PSII-related questions.
叶绿素荧光是一种高度敏感、非破坏性和可靠的工具，可用于快速测量光合作用效率，特别是光系统 II（PSII），即水-质体醌氧化还原酶。我们在这里简要回顾一下快速（高达 2 秒）叶绿素荧光上升与 PSII 的关系，以及荧光上升动力学在理解光合作用反应，特别是 PSII 方面的经验应用。当暗适应的光合样品暴露在光下时，会观察到荧光诱导，称为 Kautsky 效应，以发现该现象的 Hans Kautsky 命名，该现象表明可变荧光的存在。叶绿素荧光强度从一个最小水平（O 水平）在不到 1 秒内上升到一个最大水平（P 水平），通过两个标记为 J 和 I 的中间步骤。然后，荧光强度下降到一个较低的半稳态水平，即 S 水平，大约一分钟后达到该水平。我们通过讨论基本假设、方程的推导以及在与 PSII 相关的问题中的应用，提供了关于如何通过分析快速 OJIP 荧光瞬变来利用这一现象的教育性回顾。
