Geriatrics Institute, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Nutrition. 2011 Jun;27(6):617-23. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2010.10.013. Epub 2011 Mar 2.
Greater understanding about the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and potential causes suggests that plant polyphenols might be useful as a treatment. Dietary excess energy can be stored in adipocytes, leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and adipose-related hormones that cause vascular injury. Plant polyphenols, organic compounds found in numerous plant species and their fruits, are being actively studied as potential treatments for components of the metabolic syndrome. Individual polyphenols that have been examined include resveratrol, quercetin, epigallocathechin-3-gallate, and curcumin. Resveratrol lowers weight, blood pressure, glucose, and insulin resistance in rodents, and a human trial is currently underway. Quercetin decreases lipid and glucose levels in obese rats, and in a human investigation of subjects with the metabolic syndrome has lowered blood pressure without significant alteration of lipids. Epigallocathechin-3-gallate-induced weight loss has attenuated glucose levels and insulin resistance in rodents and improved hemoglobin A(1c) and lipid in human studies. Plant extracts also can be used. Grape seed and chokeberry extracts have decreased blood pressure and lipid levels in small human trials. Other human investigations have shown the beneficial effects of cocoa, coffee, carob, and Momordica charantia. Thus far, most studies have involved a small number of subjects and have been of short duration. Future studies should be designed to account for a disease process in which the pathogenic factors may take place for years before disease manifestations take place, the possibly limited bioavailability of polyphenols, and the potential need to provide combinations or modifications of polyphenols.
对代谢综合征发病机制和潜在病因的进一步了解表明，植物多酚可能是一种有用的治疗方法。过多的膳食能量可以储存在脂肪细胞中，导致促炎细胞因子和与脂肪相关的激素释放，从而引起血管损伤。植物多酚是在许多植物物种及其果实中发现的有机化合物，它们作为代谢综合征成分的潜在治疗方法正在被积极研究。已经研究过的个别多酚包括白藜芦醇、槲皮素、表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯和姜黄素。白藜芦醇可降低啮齿动物的体重、血压、血糖和胰岛素抵抗，目前正在进行人体试验。槲皮素可降低肥胖大鼠的血脂和血糖水平，在一项针对代谢综合征患者的人体研究中，可降低血压而不显著改变血脂。表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯诱导的体重减轻可减轻啮齿动物的血糖和胰岛素抵抗，并在人体研究中改善血红蛋白 A(1c)和脂质。植物提取物也可以使用。葡萄籽和黑果腺肋花楸提取物可降低小规模人体试验中的血压和血脂水平。其他人体研究表明，可可、咖啡、角豆和苦瓜有有益的作用。到目前为止，大多数研究都涉及少数受试者，且持续时间较短。未来的研究应考虑到疾病过程，在疾病表现出现之前，致病因素可能已经存在多年，多酚的生物利用度可能有限，以及可能需要提供多酚的组合或修饰。
