González-Osorio C A, Medina-Solís C E, Pontigo-Loyola A P, Casanova-Rosado J F, Escoffié-Ramírez M, Corona-Tabares M G, Maupomé G
Unidad Académica de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México.
An Pediatr (Barc). 2011 Jun;74(6):377-87. doi: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2011.01.011. Epub 2011 Mar 5.
To analyze the rates of cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CLP) in Mexico between 2003 and 2009 and assess their association with variables at ecological level, sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and pollution.
An ecological study was conducted with data from the 32 states of Mexico for incidence of CLP, obtained from the Ministry of Health. We included sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and pollution information, obtained from governmental agencies. CLP incidence rates were used as dependent variable; independent variables were socioeconomic, demographic and pollution indicators. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman correlation and chi(2) tests.
During the study period 10573 new cases presented (mean 1510.43 per year). The States with the highest rate (per 1000 births) were: in 2003 the Federal District (Mexico City) (1.76), in 2004 Jalisco (2.62), in 2005 Oaxaca (1.66), in 2006 the State of Mexico (1.29), in 2007, 2008 and 2009 Jalisco (2.17, 2.92, and 1.99). For all the years men were more likely affected than women (P<.05). Variables found positively correlated to LPH rates were total population, solid waste, life expectancy, urban solid waste. The variables negatively correlated were population percentages of high alcohol users, and of alcohol abuse or addiction.
The State of Jalisco was one of the most affected locations over the years. Ecologic positive correlations existed between cleft lip and/or palate and sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and pollution factors. Incidence rate was negatively correlated with alcohol use and abuse. More detailed epidemiological studies are needed to fully characterize risk factors in Mexican populations.
分析2003年至2009年墨西哥唇裂和/或腭裂（CLP）的发生率，并评估其与生态水平、社会人口统计学、社会经济和污染等变量之间的关联。
利用从墨西哥卫生部获取的墨西哥32个州唇裂发生率数据进行生态研究。我们纳入了从政府机构获取的社会人口统计学、社会经济和污染信息。唇裂发生率用作因变量；自变量为社会经济、人口统计学和污染指标。采用Spearman相关性分析和卡方检验进行统计分析。
在研究期间共出现10573例新病例（平均每年1510.43例）。发生率最高（每1000例出生）的州分别为：2003年是联邦区（墨西哥城）（1.76），2004年是哈利斯科州（2.62），2005年是瓦哈卡州（1.66），2006年是墨西哥州（1.29），2007年、2008年和2009年是哈利斯科州（2.17、2.92和1.99）。在所有年份中，男性比女性更易受影响（P<0.05）。与唇裂发生率呈正相关的变量有总人口、固体废物、预期寿命、城市固体废物。呈负相关的变量有高酒精使用者的人口百分比以及酒精滥用或成瘾者的人口百分比。
多年来哈利斯科州是受影响最严重的地区之一。唇裂和/或腭裂与社会人口统计学、社会经济和污染因素之间存在生态正相关。发生率与酒精使用和滥用呈负相关。需要更详细的流行病学研究来全面描述墨西哥人群中的危险因素。
