Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2011 Mar;5 Suppl 1(0 1):S122-33. doi: 10.1001/dmp.2011.21.
For 63 years scientists in the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission and its successor, the Radiation Effects Research Foundation, have been assessing the long-term health effects in the survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and in their children. The identification and follow-up of a large population (approximately a total of 200,000, of whom more than 40% are alive today) that includes a broad range of ages and radiation exposure doses, and healthy representatives of both sexes; establishment of well-defined cohorts whose members have been studied longitudinally, including some with biennial health examinations and a high survivor-participation rate; and careful reconstructions of individual radiation doses have resulted in reliable excess relative risk estimates for radiation-related health effects, including cancer and noncancer effects in humans, for the benefit of the survivors and for all humankind. This article reviews those risk estimates and summarizes what has been learned from this historic and unique study.
63 年来，原子辐射影响研究所及其前身原子弹爆炸受害者赔偿委员会的科学家一直在评估广岛和长崎原子弹爆炸幸存者及其子女的长期健康影响。该研究鉴定并随访了一个庞大的人群（总数约为 20 万人，其中超过 40%的人至今仍在世），其中包括各种年龄和辐射剂量，以及男女两性的健康代表；建立了明确的队列，对其成员进行了纵向研究，包括一些人进行了两年一次的健康检查，幸存者的参与率很高；并对个人辐射剂量进行了仔细重建，从而对与辐射有关的健康影响（包括癌症和非癌症影响）得出了可靠的超额相对风险估计，这不仅使幸存者受益，也使全人类受益。本文回顾了这些风险评估，并总结了从这项具有历史意义和独特性的研究中获得的知识。
