Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Research, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
Clin Nutr. 2011 Oct;30(5):668-71. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2011.03.009. Epub 2011 Apr 8.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Inflammation is pivotal in all phases of atherosclerosis. Dietary options which lower inflammatory biomarkers would be an attractive strategy to reduce risk from cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Indeed, fruit and vegetable intake or fruit juice consumption is associated with health and wellness. However, there is a paucity of data examining the effect of orange juice on biomarkers of inflammation in healthy volunteers. We have previously conducted the first placebo-controlled randomized studies examining the effect of sterol fortified orange juice or sterol fortified reduced calorie orange juice beverage supplementation (2 g sterols/day) compared to Placebo OJ or Placebo OJBev, and showed significant benefits on the lipid profile as well as significant reduction in hsCRP, the prototypic marker of inflammation and a cardiovascular risk marker. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of orange juice (OJ) or OJ beverage (Bev) alone and fortified with plant sterols (1g/240 ml juice or beverage twice a day) on pro-inflammatory cytokines and PAI-1, a marker of impaired fibrinolysis in healthy human volunteers.
In the first study, 72 healthy human volunteers received Placebo OJ or Sterol OJ and in the second study, 72 volunteers received OJBev or Sterol OJBev for 8 weeks and blood was drawn at baseline and following supplementation for 8 weeks. Biomarkers of Inflammation (IL-1b, IL-6, TNF, IL-8, IL-10) were assessed in serum using the BD Human Inflammatory Cytokine Cytometric Bead Array and PAI-1 activity was assessed in citrated plasma.
OJ or OJBev alone failed to result in any significant effects on circulating cytokine levels or PAI-1 activity. There was a significant reduction in IL-1b with sterol fortified OJ (p < 0.05) compared to baseline. In addition, both sterol fortified OJ as well as sterol fortified OJBev resulted in significant reductions in serum IL-6 levels (p < 0.01).
Thus, sterol fortified OJ and OJ Beverage are able to effectively lower biomarkers of inflammation in healthy human volunteers in addition to providing lipid profile benefits and may thus contribute to decreasing cardiovascular risk.
炎症在动脉粥样硬化的所有阶段都起着关键作用。降低炎症生物标志物的饮食选择将是降低心血管疾病和癌症风险的一种有吸引力的策略。事实上，摄入水果和蔬菜或饮用果汁与健康和幸福有关。然而，目前的数据很少研究橙汁对健康志愿者炎症生物标志物的影响。我们之前进行了首次安慰剂对照随机研究，研究了强化甾醇橙汁或强化甾醇低热量橙汁饮料（每天 2 克甾醇）与安慰剂 OJ 或安慰剂 OJBev 补充剂对健康志愿者脂质谱的影响，结果显示甾醇强化橙汁或强化甾醇低热量橙汁饮料具有显著的益处，可显著降低 hsCRP（炎症的典型标志物和心血管风险标志物）。本研究旨在单独研究橙汁（OJ）或 OJ 饮料（Bev）以及强化植物甾醇（每天 240 毫升果汁或饮料中 1 克，每天两次）对健康志愿者促炎细胞因子和 PAI-1（纤溶受损的标志物）的影响。
在第一项研究中，72 名健康志愿者接受安慰剂 OJ 或甾醇 OJ，在第二项研究中，72 名志愿者接受 OJBev 或甾醇 OJBev 补充 8 周，在基线和补充 8 周后采血。使用 BD 人类炎症细胞因子流式细胞术微珠阵列评估血清中的炎症生物标志物（IL-1b、IL-6、TNF、IL-8、IL-10），并使用柠檬酸血浆评估 PAI-1 活性。
单独的 OJ 或 OJBev 补充剂对循环细胞因子水平或 PAI-1 活性均无显著影响。与基线相比，甾醇强化 OJ 可显著降低 IL-1b（p<0.05）。此外，甾醇强化 OJ 和甾醇强化 OJBev 均可显著降低血清 IL-6 水平（p<0.01）。
因此，甾醇强化 OJ 和 OJ 饮料能够有效降低健康志愿者的炎症生物标志物，同时提供脂质谱益处，从而有助于降低心血管风险。
