Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Muesmattstrasse 45, CH-3000 Bern 9, Switzerland.
J Appl Psychol. 2011 May;96(3):654-64. doi: 10.1037/a0022992.
There is evidence that daily negative events at work enhance fatigue. In contrast, positive events may trigger processes that increase, but also processes that decrease, energetic resources. Accordingly, results regarding a main effect of positive events on fatigue have been mixed. However, a clearer pattern between positive events and fatigue can be expected under adverse circumstances (i.e., accumulation of negative events, high chronic stressors). Positive events may facilitate coping and accelerate recovery processes and, thus, reduce resource drain due to daily negative events and chronic stressors. Predicting fatigue in a diary study with 76 employees, we investigated interactions between daily positive events and (a) daily negative events and (b) chronic social stressors. Multilevel modeling revealed that negative but not positive events were associated with increased end-of-work fatigue. However, positive events interacted with negative events and with chronic social stressors. As expected, positive events were negatively associated with fatigue only on days with many negative events, but not so on days with few negative events. Analogously, positive events were negatively associated with fatigue only among employees with high, compared with low, chronic social stressors. We conclude that the beneficial short-term effects of positive events on energetic resources are largely confined to adverse circumstances.
有证据表明，工作中的日常负面事件会加剧疲劳。相比之下，积极事件可能会引发增加能量资源的过程，但也可能会引发减少能量资源的过程。因此，积极事件对疲劳的主要影响的结果一直存在分歧。然而，在不利情况下（即负面事件的积累、高慢性压力源），积极事件与疲劳之间可能会出现更清晰的模式。积极事件可以促进应对和加速恢复过程，从而减少因日常负面事件和慢性压力源造成的资源消耗。在一项对 76 名员工的日记研究中，我们预测了每日积极事件与（a）每日负面事件和（b）慢性社会压力源之间的相互作用。多层次建模显示，只有负面事件而不是积极事件与工作结束时的疲劳增加有关。然而，积极事件与负面事件和慢性社会压力源相互作用。正如预期的那样，只有在有许多负面事件的日子里，积极事件才与疲劳呈负相关，而在负面事件较少的日子里则不然。类似地，只有在慢性社会压力源较高的员工中，积极事件才与疲劳呈负相关，而在慢性社会压力源较低的员工中则不然。我们的结论是，积极事件对能量资源的短期有益影响在很大程度上局限于不利环境。
