Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Nursing, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2011 Apr 12;6(2). doi: 10.3402/qhw.v6i2.5882.
This paper illustrates the use of composite first person narrative interpretive methods, as described by Todres, across a range of phenomena. This methodology introduces texture into the presently understood structures of phenomena and thereby creates new understandings of the phenomenon, bringing about a form of understanding that is relationally alive that contributes to improved caring practices. The method is influenced by the work of Gendlin, Heidegger, van Manen, Gadamer, and Merleau-Ponty. The method's applicability to different research topics is demonstrated through the composite narratives of nursing students learning nursing practice in an accelerated and condensed program, obese female adolescents attempting weight control, chronically ill male parolees, and midlife women experiencing distress during menopause. Within current research, these four phenomena have been predominantly described and understood through quantified articulations that give the reader a structural understanding of the phenomena, but the more embodied or "contextual" human qualities of the phenomena are often not visible. The "what is it like" or the "unsaid" aspects of such human phenomena are not clear to the reader when proxies are used to "account for" a variety of situated conditions. This novel method is employed to re-present narrative data and findings from research through first person accounts that blend the voices of the participants with those of the researcher, emphasizing the connectedness, the "we" among all participants, researchers, and listeners. These re-presentations allow readers to develop more embodied understandings of both the texture and structure of each of the phenomena and illustrate the use of the composite account as a way for researchers to better understand and convey the wholeness of the experience of any phenomenon under inquiry.
本文阐述了托德雷斯（Todres）所描述的综合第一人称叙述解释方法在一系列现象中的应用。该方法将纹理引入到目前对现象的理解结构中，从而创造出对现象的新理解，带来一种关系上生动的理解形式，有助于改进护理实践。该方法受到金德林（Gendlin）、海德格尔（Heidegger）、范马南（van Manen）、伽达默尔（Gadamer）和梅洛-庞蒂（Merleau-Ponty）的作品的影响。通过综合护理专业学生在加速和浓缩课程中学习护理实践、肥胖女性青少年尝试控制体重、慢性病假释犯和中年女性经历更年期困扰等护理专业学生的叙事，展示了该方法在不同研究课题中的适用性。在当前的研究中，这些现象主要通过量化表达来描述和理解，这使读者对现象有了结构上的理解，但现象中更具身体性或“情境性”的人类特质往往不明显。当使用代理人来“解释”各种情境条件时，读者对这些人类现象的“是什么样的”或“未说出口的”方面并不清楚。这种新方法被用来通过第一人称叙述重新呈现研究中的叙事数据和发现，这些叙述将参与者的声音与研究人员的声音融合在一起，强调了所有参与者、研究人员和听众之间的联系和“我们”的存在。这些再现使读者能够对每个现象的纹理和结构有更具身体性的理解，并说明综合叙述作为研究人员更好地理解和传达任何被调查现象的整体经验的一种方式的用途。
