Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
Accid Anal Prev. 2011 Jul;43(4):1332-40. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.02.004. Epub 2011 Mar 3.
Previous research has shown the association between stress and crash involvement. The impact of stress on road safety may also be mediated by behaviours including cognitive lapses, errors, and intentional traffic violations. This study aimed to provide a further understanding of the impact that stress from different sources may have upon driving behaviour and road safety. It is asserted that both stress extraneous to the driving environment and stress directly elicited by driving must be considered part of a dynamic system that may have a negative impact on driving behaviours. Two hundred and forty-seven public sector employees from Queensland, Australia, completed self-report measures examining demographics, subjective work-related stress, daily hassles, and aspects of general mental health. Additionally, the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) and the Driver Stress Inventory (DSI) were administered. All participants drove for work purposes regularly, however the study did not specifically focus on full-time professional drivers. Confirmatory factor analysis of the predictor variables revealed three factors: DSI negative affect; DSI risk taking; and extraneous influences (daily hassles, work-related stress, and general mental health). Moderate intercorrelations were found between each of these factors confirming the 'spillover' effect. That is, driver stress is reciprocally related to stress in other domains including work and domestic life. Structural equation modelling (SEM) showed that the DSI negative affect factor influenced both lapses and errors, whereas the DSI risk-taking factor was the strongest influence on violations. The SEMs also confirmed that daily hassles extraneous to the driving environment may influence DBQ lapses and violations independently. Accordingly, interventions may be developed to increase driver awareness of the dangers of excessive emotional responses to both driving events and daily hassles (e.g. driving fast to 'blow off steam' after an argument). They may also train more effective strategies for self-regulation of emotion and coping when encountering stressful situations on the road.
先前的研究表明压力与事故发生之间存在关联。压力对道路安全的影响也可能通过认知失误、错误和故意违反交通规则等行为来介导。本研究旨在进一步了解来自不同来源的压力可能对驾驶行为和道路安全产生的影响。有人断言，必须将驾驶环境之外的压力和直接由驾驶引起的压力都视为一个动态系统的一部分，该系统可能对驾驶行为产生负面影响。来自澳大利亚昆士兰州的 247 名公共部门员工完成了自我报告的测量，其中包括人口统计学、主观工作相关压力、日常压力和一般心理健康的各个方面。此外，还进行了驾驶行为问卷（DBQ）和驾驶压力量表（DSI）的测试。所有参与者都经常因工作目的而开车，但该研究并未特别关注全职专业司机。预测变量的验证性因素分析揭示了三个因素：DSI 负性情绪；DSI 冒险行为；以及外在影响（日常压力、工作相关压力和一般心理健康）。这些因素之间存在中度相互关联，证实了“溢出”效应。也就是说，驾驶员压力与工作和家庭生活等其他领域的压力相互关联。结构方程模型（SEM）表明，DSI 负性情绪因素影响失误和错误，而 DSI 冒险行为因素对违规行为的影响最大。SEM 还证实，驾驶环境之外的日常压力可能会独立影响 DBQ 的失误和违规行为。因此，可以开发干预措施，以提高驾驶员对过度情绪化反应对驾驶事件和日常压力（例如，在争吵后“发泄”而快速驾驶）的危险的认识。他们还可以训练更有效的情绪自我调节策略和应对道路上遇到的压力情况的策略。
