College of Dental Science, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands.
J Dent. 2011 Jul;39(7):499-505. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.04.007. Epub 2011 May 6.
In search for clinically effective composite repair protocols, the effect of various etching protocols on the surface roughness of composite resins with different filler composition were investigated.
Of two composite resins (hybrid-filled Clearfil AP-X; nano-filled Filtek Supreme XT) specimens of 3mm thick with a diameter of 7 mm were prepared (n=24). The top surface was polished with 4000-grit SiC-abrasive paper and subjected to one of eight surface treatments: (n=3): negative control (NC), 37% phosphoric acid for 20s (37PA-20s), 3% hydrofluoric acid for 20s (3HF-20s), for 120 s (3HF-120 s), 9.6% hydrofluoric acid for 20s (9.6HF-20s), for 120 s (9.6%HF-120 s), 37PA-20s followed by 9.6%HF for 120 s (37PA-20s/9.6HF-120 s) and 9.6%HF for 120 s followed by 37PA-20s (9.6HF-120s/37PA-20s). Roughness (S(a)) was measured using a 3D noncontact optical interferometer (WYKO) and surface topography imaged by SEM. Multilevel models were used to estimate the variances within a sample and between samples in each group. Using the resulting overall variances and the means for each group, the eight groups were compared consecutively using t-tests (p<0.05).
The hybrid-filled composite resin demonstrated a significantly rougher surface than the nano-filled (p<0.05). For both composites 9.6%HF-120 s, 37PA-20s/9.6HF-120 s and 9.6%HF-120 s/37PA-20s resulted in a large increase in roughness compared to the other groups (p<0.05). For the hybrid-filled, the succeeding groups (37PA-20s, 3HF-20s, 3HF-120 s and 9.6HF-20s) resulted in a statistically significant increase in surface roughness (p<0.02). For the nano-filled only a statistically significant increase in roughness was found between 3HF-20s and 3HF-120 s (p<0.001) and between 9.6HF-20s and 9.6HF-120 s (p<0.001). SEM surface characterization revealed that the hybrid-filled composite resin was much more affected by etching than the nano-filled.
Composite resins should not be seen as a group of materials having identical properties when it comes to repair. The effect of etching will depend on the composition of the filler particles.
为了寻找临床有效的复合修复方案，本研究调查了不同蚀刻方案对具有不同填料成分的复合树脂表面粗糙度的影响。
制备了两种复合树脂（混合填充型 Clearfil AP-X；纳米填充型 Filtek Supreme XT）的试件，厚度为 3mm，直径为 7mm（n=24）。将试件的上表面用 4000 号碳化硅砂纸抛光，然后进行以下 8 种表面处理之一（n=3）：阴性对照组（NC）、37%磷酸 20s（37PA-20s）、3%氢氟酸 20s（3HF-20s）、120s（3HF-120s）、9.6%氢氟酸 20s（9.6HF-20s）、120s（9.6%HF-120s）、37PA-20s 后再用 9.6%HF 处理 120s（37PA-20s/9.6HF-120s）和 9.6%HF 处理 120s 后再用 37PA-20s（9.6HF-120s/37PA-20s）。使用三维非接触式光学干涉仪（WYKO）测量粗糙度（S(a)），并用 SEM 对表面形貌进行成像。采用多水平模型估计每组内样本之间和样本之间的方差。利用所得的总体方差和每组的平均值，连续使用 t 检验对 8 组进行比较（p<0.05）。
混合填充型复合树脂的表面粗糙度明显大于纳米填充型（p<0.05）。对于两种复合材料，9.6%HF-120s、37PA-20s/9.6HF-120s 和 9.6%HF-120s/37PA-20s 与其他组相比，粗糙度显著增加（p<0.05）。对于混合填充型，随后的组（37PA-20s、3HF-20s、3HF-120s 和 9.6HF-20s）导致表面粗糙度呈统计学意义上的显著增加（p<0.02）。对于纳米填充型，仅在 3HF-20s 和 3HF-120s 之间（p<0.001）和 9.6HF-20s 和 9.6HF-120s 之间（p<0.001）发现粗糙度有统计学意义上的增加。SEM 表面特征表明，混合填充型复合树脂比纳米填充型受蚀刻影响更大。
在修复方面，不应将复合树脂视为具有相同性能的材料组。蚀刻的效果将取决于填料颗粒的组成。
