School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011 Jun;9(6):403-13. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2578.
Planctomycetes form a distinct phylum of the domain Bacteria and possess unusual features such as intracellular compartmentalization and a lack of peptidoglycan in their cell walls. Remarkably, cells of the genus Gemmata even contain a membrane-bound nucleoid analogous to the eukaryotic nucleus. Moreover, the so-called 'anammox' planctomycetes have a unique anaerobic, autotrophic metabolism that includes the ability to oxidize ammonium; this process is dependent on a characteristic membrane-bound cell compartment called the anammoxosome, which might be a functional analogue of the eukaryotic mitochondrion. The compartmentalization of planctomycetes challenges our hypotheses regarding the origins of eukaryotic organelles. Furthermore, the recent discovery of both an endocytosis-like ability and proteins homologous to eukaryotic clathrin in a planctomycete marks this phylum as one to watch for future research on the origin and evolution of the eukaryotic cell.
盘基网柄菌门是细菌域的一个独特门，具有独特的特征，如细胞内区室化和细胞壁中缺乏肽聚糖。值得注意的是，真杆菌属的细胞甚至含有类似于真核细胞核的膜结合核区。此外，所谓的“厌氧氨氧化”盘菌门具有独特的厌氧、自养代谢能力，包括氧化氨的能力；这个过程依赖于一种称为厌氧氨氧化体的特征膜结合细胞区室，它可能是真核线粒体的功能类似物。盘菌门的区室化挑战了我们关于真核细胞器起源的假设。此外，最近在一种盘菌门中发现了类似胞吞作用的能力和与真核网格蛋白同源的蛋白质，这标志着该门是未来研究真核细胞起源和进化的重点关注对象。
