National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.
Ecohealth. 2011 Mar;8(1):76-81. doi: 10.1007/s10393-011-0688-8. Epub 2011 May 20.
Despite North Carolina's long history with feral swine, populations were low or absent in eastern counties until the 1990s. Feral swine populations have since grown in these counties which also contain a high density of commercial production swine (CPS) facilities. Sixteen of the highest swine producing U.S. counties also populated with feral swine are in North Carolina. Disconcertingly, since 2009, positive tests for exposure to swine brucellosis or pseudorabies virus have been found for feral swine. We surveyed 120 CSP facilities across four eastern counties to document the level and perception of feral swine activity around CSP facilities and to identify disease transmission potential to commercial stock. Nearly all facility operators (97%) recognized feral swine were in their counties. Far fewer said they had feral swine activity nearby (18%). Our inspections found higher presence than perceived with feral swine sign at 19% of facilities where operators said they had never observed feral swine or their sign. Nearly 90% expressed concern about feral to domestic disease transmission, yet only two facilities had grain bins or feeders fenced against wildlife access. Due to increasing feral swine populations, recent evidence of disease in feral populations, the importance of swine production to North Carolina's economy and the national pork industry, and potential for feral-domestic contact, we believe feral swine pose an increasing disease transmission threat warranting a stringent look at biosecurity and feral swine management at North Carolina CPS facilities.
尽管北卡罗来纳州野猪的历史悠久，但直到 20 世纪 90 年代，东部各县的野猪数量仍然很低或不存在。此后，这些县的野猪数量有所增加，这些县还包含高密度的商业生产猪场 (CPS) 设施。在美国 16 个生猪产量最高的县中，也有野猪出没。令人不安的是，自 2009 年以来，已经在野猪身上发现了对猪布鲁氏菌病或伪狂犬病病毒暴露的阳性检测。我们调查了四个东部县的 120 个 CPS 设施，以记录 CPS 设施周围野猪活动的水平和感知，并确定对商业库存的疾病传播潜力。几乎所有的设施经营者（97%）都承认他们所在的县有野猪。说他们附近有野猪活动的人就少得多（18%）。我们的检查发现，在 19%的设施中，野猪的存在比经营者认为的要高，这些设施的经营者说他们从未见过野猪或野猪的踪迹。近 90%的人表示担心野猪向家猪传播疾病，但只有两个设施的谷仓或饲料器有围栏防止野生动物进入。由于野猪数量的增加，最近野猪种群中出现疾病的证据，以及生猪生产对北卡罗来纳州经济和全国猪肉产业的重要性，以及野猪与家猪接触的潜在可能性，我们认为野猪对疾病传播的威胁越来越大，需要对北卡罗来纳州 CPS 设施的生物安全和野猪管理进行严格审查。
