Kleinnijenhuis Johanneke, Oosting Marije, Joosten Leo A B, Netea Mihai G, Van Crevel Reinout
Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, and Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (N4i), Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Clin Dev Immunol. 2011;2011:405310. doi: 10.1155/2011/405310. Epub 2011 Apr 7.
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is a major health problem, with 10 million new cases diagnosed each year. Innate immunity plays an important role in the host defense against M. tuberculosis, and the first step in this process is recognition of MTB by cells of the innate immune system. Several classes of pattern recognition receptors (PPRs) are involved in the recognition of M. tuberculosis, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), and Nod-like receptors (NLRs). Among the TLR family, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 and their adaptor molecule MyD88 play the most prominent roles in the initiation of the immune response against tuberculosis. In addition to TLRs, other PRRs such as NOD2, Dectin-1, Mannose receptor, and DC-SIGN are also involved in the recognition of M. tuberculosis. Human epidemiological studies revealed that genetic variation in genes encoding for PRRs and downstream signaling products influence disease susceptibility, severity, and outcome. More insight into PRRs and the recognition of mycobacteria, combined with immunogenetic studies in TB patients, does not only lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis but also may contribute to the design of novel immunotherapeutic strategies.
由结核分枝杆菌（MTB）引起的结核病（TB）是一个重大的健康问题，每年有1000万新病例被诊断出来。固有免疫在宿主抵御结核分枝杆菌的过程中发挥着重要作用，而这一过程的第一步是固有免疫系统的细胞识别MTB。几类模式识别受体（PPR）参与了对结核分枝杆菌的识别，包括Toll样受体（TLR）、C型凝集素受体（CLR）和NOD样受体（NLR）。在TLR家族中，TLR2、TLR4和TLR9及其接头分子MyD88在启动抗结核免疫反应中发挥着最突出的作用。除了TLR外，其他PRR如NOD2、Dectin-1、甘露糖受体和DC-SIGN也参与了对结核分枝杆菌的识别。人类流行病学研究表明，编码PRR和下游信号产物的基因的遗传变异会影响疾病的易感性、严重程度和转归。对PRR和分枝杆菌识别的进一步深入了解，结合对结核病患者的免疫遗传学研究，不仅有助于更好地理解结核病的发病机制，还可能有助于设计新的免疫治疗策略。
