Section on Neuroendocrinology of Obesity, NIDDK, Bethesda, MD, USA.
J Endocrinol Invest. 2011 Nov;34(10):793-800. doi: 10.3275/7808. Epub 2011 Jun 27.
Sleep duration has progressively fallen over the last 100 years while obesity has increased in the past 30 years. Several studies have reported an association between chronic sleep deprivation and long-term weight gain. Increased energy intake due to sleep loss has been listed as the main mechanism. The consequences of chronic sleep deprivation on energy expenditure have not been fully explored. Sleep, body weight, mood and behavior are subjected to circannual changes. However, in our modern environment seasonal changes in light and ambient temperature are attenuated. Seasonality, defined as cyclic changes in mood and behavior, is a stable personality trait with a strong genetic component. We hypothesize that the attenuation in seasonal changes in the environment may produce negative consequences, especially in individuals more predisposed to seasonality, such as women. Seasonal affective disorder, a condition more common in women and characterized by depressed mood, hypersomnia, weight gain, and carbohydrate craving during the winter, represents an extreme example of seasonality. One of the postulated functions of sleep is energy preservation. Hibernation, a phenomenon characterized by decreased energy expenditure and changes in the state of arousal, may offer useful insight into the mechanisms behind energy preservation during sleep. The goals of this article are to: a) consider the contribution of changes in energy expenditure to the weight gain due to sleep loss; b) review the phenomena of seasonality, hibernation, and their neuroendocrine mechanisms as they relate to sleep, energy expenditure, and body weight regulation.
在过去的 100 年中，睡眠时间逐渐减少，而肥胖症在过去 30 年中有所增加。几项研究报告了慢性睡眠剥夺与长期体重增加之间的关联。由于睡眠不足导致的能量摄入增加被列为主要机制。慢性睡眠剥夺对能量消耗的后果尚未得到充分探讨。睡眠、体重、情绪和行为都受到年周期变化的影响。然而，在我们现代的环境中，光和环境温度的季节性变化已经减弱。季节性是指情绪和行为的周期性变化，是一种具有强烈遗传成分的稳定人格特征。我们假设，环境中季节性变化的减弱可能会产生负面影响，特别是对那些更容易受季节性影响的个体，如女性。季节性情感障碍是一种更常见于女性的疾病，其特征是冬季情绪低落、嗜睡、体重增加和对碳水化合物的渴望，是季节性的一个极端例子。睡眠的一个假定功能是能量保存。冬眠是一种以能量消耗减少和觉醒状态改变为特征的现象，它可能为睡眠期间能量保存的机制提供有用的见解。本文的目的是：a）考虑能量消耗变化对睡眠不足导致体重增加的贡献；b）回顾季节性、冬眠及其神经内分泌机制，以及它们与睡眠、能量消耗和体重调节的关系。
