Manaenko Anatol, Chen Hank, Zhang John H, Tang Jiping
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Risley Hall, Room 219, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2011;111:9-14. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0693-8_2.
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most devastating type of stroke. It is characterized by spontaneous bleeding in brain parenchyma and is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Presently, there is neither an effective therapy to increase survival after intracerebral hemorrhage nor a treatment to improve the quality of life for survivors. A reproducible animal model of spontaneous ICH mimicking the development of acute and delayed brain injury after ICH is an invaluable tool for improving our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of ICH-induced brain injury and evaluating potential therapeutic interventions. A number of models have been developed. While different species have been studied, rodents have become the most popular and widely utilized animals used in ICH research. The most often used methods for experimental induction of ICH are injection of bacterial collagenase and direct injection of blood into the brain parenchyma. The "balloon" method has also been used to mimic ICH for study. In this summary, we intend to provide a comparative overview of the technical methods, aspects, and pathologic findings of these types of ICH models. We will also focus on the similarities and differences among these rodent models, achievements in technical aspects of the ICH model, and discuss important aspects in selecting relevant models for study.
脑出血（ICH）是最具破坏性的中风类型。其特征是脑实质内的自发性出血，并伴有高发病率和死亡率。目前，既没有有效的疗法来提高脑出血后的生存率，也没有治疗方法来改善幸存者的生活质量。一种可重现的自发性脑出血动物模型，能够模拟脑出血后急性和延迟性脑损伤的发展过程，是增进我们对脑出血所致脑损伤潜在机制的理解以及评估潜在治疗干预措施的宝贵工具。已经开发出了多种模型。虽然对不同物种都进行了研究，但啮齿动物已成为脑出血研究中最常用且使用最广泛的动物。实验性诱导脑出血最常用的方法是注射细菌胶原酶以及将血液直接注入脑实质。“球囊”法也被用于模拟脑出血进行研究。在本综述中，我们旨在对这些类型的脑出血模型的技术方法、方面和病理发现提供一个比较性概述。我们还将关注这些啮齿动物模型之间的异同、脑出血模型技术方面的成就，并讨论选择相关模型进行研究的重要方面。
