University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Mol Plant Pathol. 2012 Jan;13(1):95-104. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00730.x. Epub 2011 Jun 15.
In an environment that is rich in potentially pathogenic microorganisms, the survival of higher eukaryotic organisms depends on efficient pathogen sensing and rapidly mounted defence responses. Such protective mechanisms are found in all multicellular organisms, and are collectively referred to as 'innate immunity'. Innate immunity is the first line of defence against invading microorganisms in vertebrates and the only line of defence in invertebrates and plants. Bacterial glycoconjugates, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and peptidoglycan (PGN) from the cell walls of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, have been found to act as elicitors of plant innate immunity. These conserved, indispensable, microbe-specific molecules are also referred to as 'microbe-associated molecular patterns' (MAMPs). MAMPs are recognized by the plant innate immune system through the action of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). A greater insight into the mechanisms of MAMP recognition and the description of PRRs for different microbial glycoconjugates will have considerable impact on the improvement of plant health and disease resistance. Here, the current knowledge about LPS and PGN as MAMPs is reviewed.
在富含潜在致病微生物的环境中，高等真核生物的生存依赖于高效的病原体感应和迅速启动的防御反应。这种保护机制存在于所有多细胞生物中，被统称为“先天免疫”。先天免疫是脊椎动物抵御入侵微生物的第一道防线，也是无脊椎动物和植物的唯一防线。细菌糖缀合物，如革兰氏阴性菌外膜中的脂多糖（LPS）和革兰氏阳性和阴性菌细胞壁中的肽聚糖（PGN），已被发现可作为植物先天免疫的激发剂。这些保守的、不可或缺的、微生物特有的分子也被称为“微生物相关分子模式”（MAMPs）。MAMPs 通过模式识别受体（PRRs）的作用被植物先天免疫系统识别。深入了解 MAMP 识别的机制以及不同微生物糖缀合物的 PRRs 的描述，将对提高植物健康和抗病性产生重大影响。本文综述了 LPS 和 PGN 作为 MAMPs 的相关知识。
