Brahmane Ranjana I, Pathak Swanand S, Wanmali Vikrant V, Salwe Kartik J, Premendran S John, Shinde Bhawna B
Department of Pharmacology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha, India.
Pharmacognosy Res. 2011 Jan;3(1):44-8. doi: 10.4103/0974-8490.79115.
Red scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus) is the most lethal among all poisonous species of scorpions. Envenoming by Mesobuthus tamulus is quite common along the western coast of India, without any established therapy. Andrographis paniculata is one of the plants that has long been used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of poisoning by animal bites. Hence, the study was planned to evaluate the ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata for the treatment of Mesobuthus tamulus envenoming.
Ethanolic extract of the plant Andrographis paniculata was obtained using a soxhelet apparatus. Lyophilized venom sample of Mesobuthus tamulus was used. Swiss albino mice weighing 20-30 g were used in the study. Calculation of LD(99) of Mesobuthus tamulus venom was performed using Turner's method. Acute toxicity of Mesobuthus tamulus venom and its neutralization by the plant extract at a dose of 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg in vivo was seen. Neutralization of the lethal venom effect of Mesobuthus tamulus by plant extract at the dose of 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg by Alam and Gome's method (in vitro) was also seen.
The LD(99) of Mesobuthus tamulus venom from this study was determined to be 25.12 μg/g and the LD(50) was 15.85 μg/g. In the acute toxicity and in vivo neutralization study, plant extract at the dose of 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg resulted in a mean survival of 62.667 min and 39.333 min, respectively. Neutralization of the lethal venom effect of Mesobuthus tamulus by the plant extract at the dose of 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg by Alam and Gome's method (in vitro) showed a mean survival of 49.667 min and 42.5 min, respectively.
The ethanolic extract of Adrographis paniculata has some protective effect against the red scorpion venom in mice but does not offer any survival benefit.
红蝎子（印度金蝎）是所有有毒蝎子种类中最具致命性的。在印度西海岸，印度金蝎蜇伤十分常见，且尚无既定疗法。穿心莲是一种长期用于传统草药治疗动物咬伤中毒的植物。因此，本研究旨在评估穿心莲乙醇提取物对印度金蝎蜇伤的治疗效果。
使用索氏提取器获得穿心莲植物的乙醇提取物。采用印度金蝎的冻干毒液样本。本研究使用体重为20 - 30克的瑞士白化小鼠。采用特纳法计算印度金蝎毒液的LD(99)。观察了印度金蝎毒液的急性毒性以及在体内剂量为1克/千克和2克/千克时植物提取物对其的中和作用。还采用阿拉姆和戈梅法（体外）观察了剂量为1克/千克和2克/千克时植物提取物对印度金蝎致命毒液作用的中和情况。
本研究确定印度金蝎毒液的LD(99)为25.12微克/克，LD(50)为15.85微克/克。在急性毒性和体内中和研究中，剂量为1克/千克和2克/千克的植物提取物导致平均存活时间分别为62.667分钟和39.333分钟。采用阿拉姆和戈梅法（体外），剂量为1克/千克和2克/千克的植物提取物对印度金蝎致命毒液作用的中和显示平均存活时间分别为49.667分钟和42.5分钟。
穿心莲乙醇提取物对小鼠的红蝎子毒液有一定保护作用，但未带来任何生存益处。
