Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Parasit Vectors. 2011 Jul 6;4:130. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-130.
Malaria mosquitoes spend a considerable part of their life in the aquatic stage, rendering them vulnerable to interventions directed to aquatic habitats. Recent successes of mosquito larval control have been reported using environmental and biological tools. Here, we report the effects of shading by plants and biological control agents on the development and survival of anopheline and culicine mosquito larvae in man-made natural habitats in western Kenya. Trials consisted of environmental manipulation using locally available plants, the introduction of predatory fish and/or the use of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) in various combinations.
Man-made habitats provided with shade from different crop species produced significantly fewer larvae than those without shade especially for the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Larval control of the African malaria mosquito An. gambiae and other mosquito species was effective in habitats where both predatory fish and Bti were applied, than where the two biological control agents were administered independently.
We conclude that integration of environmental management techniques using shade-providing plants and predatory fish and/or Bti are effective and sustainable tools for the control of malaria and other mosquito-borne disease vectors.
疟蚊在其生命的相当一部分时间里都处于水生阶段，这使得它们容易受到针对水生栖息地的干预。最近，利用环境和生物工具控制蚊虫幼虫已取得成功。在这里，我们报告了植物和生物防治剂对肯尼亚西部人为自然栖息地中按蚊和库蚊幼虫发育和存活的影响。试验包括使用当地可用的植物进行环境操纵，引入掠食性鱼类和/或使用苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种（Bti）的各种组合。
提供不同作物种类遮荫的人造栖息地产生的幼虫明显少于没有遮荫的栖息地，特别是对疟疾传播媒介冈比亚按蚊。在同时使用掠食性鱼类和 Bti 的栖息地中，对非洲疟疾蚊冈比亚按蚊和其他蚊种的幼虫控制效果优于单独使用两种生物防治剂的效果。
我们得出结论，使用提供遮荫的植物和掠食性鱼类和/或 Bti 的环境管理技术的整合是控制疟疾和其他蚊媒疾病传播媒介的有效和可持续工具。
