Chalfont St. Giles, Bucks, United Kingdom.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2011 Jul;24(3):498-514. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00006-11.
The history, replication, genetics, characteristics (both biological and physical), and factors involved in the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma genitalium are presented. The latter factors include adhesion, the influence of hormones, motility, possible toxin production, and immunological responses. The preferred site of colonization, together with current detection procedures, mainly by PCR technology, is discussed. The relationships between M. genitalium and various diseases are highlighted. These diseases include acute and chronic nongonococcal urethritis, balanoposthitis, chronic prostatitis, and acute epididymitis in men and urethritis, bacterial vaginosis, vaginitis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and reproductive disease in women. A causative relationship, or otherwise strong association, between several of these diseases and M. genitalium is apparent, and the extent of this, on a subjective basis, is presented; also provided is a comparison between M. genitalium and two other genital tract-orientated mollicutes, namely, Mycoplasma hominis, the first mycoplasma of human origin to be discovered, and Ureaplasma species. Also discussed is the relationship between M. genitalium and infertility and also arthritis in both men and women, as is infection in homosexual and immunodeficient patients. Decreased immunity, as in HIV infections, may enhance mycoplasmal detection and increase disease severity. Finally, aspects of the antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance of M. genitalium, together with the treatment and possible prevention of mycoplasmal disease, are discussed.
本文介绍了生殖支原体的历史、复制、遗传学、特征（包括生物学和物理学特征）以及发病机制相关因素。后者包括黏附、激素影响、运动性、可能的毒素产生和免疫反应。讨论了其首选定植部位以及当前的检测程序，主要是通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术。强调了生殖支原体与各种疾病的关系。这些疾病包括男性的急性和慢性非淋菌性尿道炎、龟头炎和前列腺炎，以及急性附睾炎；女性的尿道炎、细菌性阴道病、阴道炎、宫颈炎、盆腔炎和生殖系统疾病。这些疾病中的几种与生殖支原体之间存在因果关系或强关联，本文根据主观标准介绍了这种关联的程度；还比较了生殖支原体与另外两种生殖道倾向的柔膜体纲微生物，即第一个被发现的人类来源的支原体和脲原体。还讨论了生殖支原体与男性和女性不孕和关节炎的关系，以及同性恋和免疫功能低下患者的感染。如艾滋病毒感染等免疫功能下降可能会增强支原体的检测并增加疾病的严重程度。最后，讨论了生殖支原体的抗菌药物敏感性和耐药性以及支原体疾病的治疗和可能的预防措施。
