Kaleta Dorota, Usidame Bukola, Polańska Kinga
Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical University, Łódź, Poland.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 2011 Jun;19(2):73-8. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a3639.
It has been always believed that men smoke more than women, but the trend of smoking in women is increasing nowadays. In some countries there are even more female smokers than male smokers. This is a major health risk because women are present and future mothers, and increasing number of smoking women will enlarge the number of exposed children. Relatively few women are aware of gender-specific health risks, including cervical cancer, osteoporosis, poor pregnancy outcome and early menopause. Tobacco related diseases are on the rise in women, considering the fact that more women now die of lung cancer than breast cancer. Tobacco companies have invented various ways to target women through tobacco advertising despite the various bans. This inevitably leads to the increase in female smoking rates. There are various recommendations from the World Health Organization which include the need for governments to pay particular attention to protect women from the tobacco companies' attempts to lure them into lifetimes of nicotine dependence and to take up counter advertisements against the tobacco companies.
人们一直认为男性吸烟比女性多,但如今女性吸烟的趋势正在上升。在一些国家,女性吸烟者甚至比男性吸烟者更多。这是一个重大的健康风险,因为女性是现在和未来的母亲,越来越多的吸烟女性会增加受影响儿童的数量。相对较少的女性意识到特定性别的健康风险,包括宫颈癌、骨质疏松症、不良妊娠结局和过早绝经。考虑到现在死于肺癌的女性比死于乳腺癌的女性更多这一事实,与烟草相关的疾病在女性中呈上升趋势。尽管有各种禁令,烟草公司还是发明了各种通过烟草广告针对女性的方法。这不可避免地导致女性吸烟率上升。世界卫生组织提出了各种建议,包括政府需要特别注意保护女性免受烟草公司诱使她们终生依赖尼古丁的企图,并针对烟草公司开展反宣传。