Department of Kinesiology & Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Chicago, IL, USA.
Expert Rev Mol Med. 2011 Jul 11;13:e23. doi: 10.1017/S1462399411001943.
The macrophage is a prominent inflammatory cell in wounds, but its role in healing remains incompletely understood. Macrophages have many functions in wounds, including host defence, the promotion and resolution of inflammation, the removal of apoptotic cells, and the support of cell proliferation and tissue restoration following injury. Recent studies suggest that macrophages exist in several different phenotypic states within the healing wound and that the influence of these cells on each stage of repair varies with the specific phenotype. Although the macrophage is beneficial to the repair of normally healing wounds, this pleotropic cell type may promote excessive inflammation or fibrosis under certain circumstances. Emerging evidence suggests that macrophage dysfunction is a component of the pathogenesis of nonhealing and poorly healing wounds. As a result of advances in the understanding of this multifunctional cell, the macrophage continues to be an attractive therapeutic target, both to reduce fibrosis and scarring, and to improve healing of chronic wounds.
巨噬细胞是伤口中一种突出的炎症细胞，但它在愈合中的作用仍不完全清楚。巨噬细胞在伤口中有许多功能，包括宿主防御、促进和解决炎症、清除凋亡细胞，以及在受伤后支持细胞增殖和组织修复。最近的研究表明，巨噬细胞在愈合伤口中存在几种不同的表型状态，这些细胞对修复每个阶段的影响因特定表型而异。虽然巨噬细胞有利于正常愈合伤口的修复，但这种多效性细胞类型在某些情况下可能会促进过度炎症或纤维化。新出现的证据表明，巨噬细胞功能障碍是难愈和愈合不良伤口发病机制的一个组成部分。由于对这种多功能细胞的理解不断深入，巨噬细胞继续成为一种有吸引力的治疗靶点，既可以减少纤维化和瘢痕形成，又可以改善慢性伤口的愈合。
