Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Ordu University, Ordu 52200, Turkey.
Environ Toxicol. 2013 Sep;28(9):524-31. doi: 10.1002/tox.20746. Epub 2011 Jul 22.
Deltamethrin (DEL) and thiacloprid (THIA) are two insecticides that are widely used in agriculture either separately or in combination. Studies on genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of TIA and the mixture of DEL and THIA insecticides have not been reported so far. Therefore, we investigated the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of commercial formulations DEL and/or THIA in rat bone marrow cells, using mitotic index (MI), micronucleus (MN) and chromosome aberrations (CA) assay. In vivo cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay using cytochalasin-B in bone marrow cells was performed for the first time in this study. Rats were orally gavaged with a single dose of DEL (15 mg/kg), THIA (112.5 mg/kg) or DEL + THIA (15 + 112.5 mg/kg) for 24 h (acute treatments), or DEL (3 mg/kg/day), THIA (22.5 mg/kg/day) or DEL + THIA (3 + 22.5 mg/kg/day) for 30 days (subacute treatments). A corn oil vehicle control group and cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg) positive control group were also included. All DEL and/or THIA treatments significantly decreased MI and binucleated (BN) cell numbers, and significantly increased CA, as compared to the vehicle control group. The results of CBMN assay indicated that the combination of DEL and THIA for both treatment times and the 30-day treatment with THIA alone caused a significant increase in micronucleus formation in BN cells. The present findings indicated the combined exposure of DEL and THIA showed genotoxic and cytotoxic effects more than those of individual exposure of DEL or THIA in rat bone marrow cells.
溴氰菊酯（DEL）和噻虫啉（THIA）是两种在农业中广泛使用的杀虫剂，无论是单独使用还是混合使用。目前尚未有关于 TIA 和 DEL 和 THIA 混合杀虫剂的遗传毒性和细胞毒性的研究报告。因此，我们使用有丝分裂指数（MI）、微核（MN）和染色体畸变（CA）试验，研究了商业制剂 DEL 和/或 THIA 对大鼠骨髓细胞的细胞毒性和遗传毒性作用。本研究首次在体内使用细胞松弛素-B 进行胞质分裂阻断微核（CBMN）试验。大鼠经口给予 DEL（15 mg/kg）、THIA（112.5 mg/kg）或 DEL+THIA（15+112.5 mg/kg）单次 24 h（急性处理），或 DEL（3 mg/kg/天）、THIA（22.5 mg/kg/天）或 DEL+THIA（3+22.5 mg/kg/天）连续 30 天（亚急性处理）。同时还设立玉米油溶剂对照组和环磷酰胺（50 mg/kg）阳性对照组。与溶剂对照组相比，所有 DEL 和/或 THIA 处理均显著降低 MI 和双核细胞数量，且显著增加 CA。CBMN 试验结果表明，DEL 和 THIA 的联合处理在两种处理时间以及单独处理 THIA 30 天时，均导致 BN 细胞微核形成显著增加。本研究结果表明，与 DEL 或 THIA 单独暴露相比，DEL 和 THIA 的联合暴露对大鼠骨髓细胞表现出更强的遗传毒性和细胞毒性作用。
