Ingram L O
Department of Microbiology and Cell Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 1990;9(4):305-19. doi: 10.3109/07388558909036741.
The adverse effects of ethanol on bacterial growth, viability, and metabolism are caused primarily by ethanol-induced leakage of the plasma membrane. This increase in membrane leakage is consistent with known biophysical properties of membranes and ethanolic solutions. The primary actions of ethanol result from colligative effects of the high molar concentrations rather than from specific interactions with receptors. The ethanol tolerance of growth in different microorganisms appears to result in large part from adaptive and evolutionary changes in cell membrane composition. Different cellular activities vary in their tolerance to ethanol. Therefore, it is essential that the aspect of cellular function under study be specifically defined and that comparisons of ethanol tolerance among systems share this common definition. Growth is typically one of the most sensitive cellular activities to inhibition by ethanol, followed by survival, or loss of reproductive ability. Glycolysis is the most resistant of these three activities. Since glycolysis is an exergonic process, a cell need not be able to grow or remain viable for glycolysis to occur.
乙醇对细菌生长、活力和代谢的不利影响主要是由乙醇诱导的质膜渗漏引起的。膜渗漏的增加与已知的膜和乙醇溶液的生物物理特性一致。乙醇的主要作用源于高摩尔浓度的依数性效应，而非与受体的特异性相互作用。不同微生物对乙醇生长的耐受性似乎在很大程度上源于细胞膜组成的适应性和进化性变化。不同的细胞活动对乙醇的耐受性各不相同。因此，至关重要的是要明确界定所研究的细胞功能方面，并且系统之间乙醇耐受性的比较应共享这一共同定义。生长通常是对乙醇抑制最敏感的细胞活动之一，其次是存活或生殖能力的丧失。糖酵解是这三种活动中最具耐受性的。由于糖酵解是一个放能过程，细胞无需能够生长或保持活力就能进行糖酵解。
