Cardiovascular Physiology and Rehabilitation Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2011 Jul;36 Suppl 1:S33-48. doi: 10.1139/h11-061.
Recommendations for physical activity during pregnancy have progressed significantly in the last 30 years and continue to evolve as an increasing body of scientific evidence becomes available. In addition, there is an increasing number of women who wish to either maintain physical fitness levels during the prenatal period or initiate exercise for a healthier lifestyle during pregnancy. As such, consistent evaluation of the risks associated with exercise during pregnancy is warranted for maternal and fetal well-being. The primary purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the scientific information available regarding maternal and fetal responses as it relates to the occurrence of adverse exercise-related events in pregnant women without contraindications to exercise. A systematic and evidence-based approach was used to analyze critically the level of evidence for risks associated with acute and chronic exercise during pregnancy in healthy pregnant women. All articles were screened according to standardized evaluation criteria developed by a panel of experts. A total of 74 investigations that involved 3766 pregnant women were included in the analysis. Of the 74 studies, only 35 studies documented the presence or absence of adverse events. The serious adverse event rate for these studies was 1.4 per 10 000 h of exercise. The adverse event rate increased to 6.8 per 10 000 h of exercise when including the occurrence of more mild events and exercise-related fetal bradycardia and tachycardia. Previously inactive or active women (without contraindications) are at a low risk for adverse fetal or maternal events if they participate in routine physical activity during pregnancy.
在过去的 30 年中，怀孕期间进行身体活动的建议已经取得了重大进展，并随着越来越多的科学证据的出现而不断发展。此外，越来越多的女性希望在产前保持身体健康水平，或在怀孕期间开始锻炼以过上更健康的生活方式。因此，为了母婴的健康，有必要持续评估怀孕期间运动相关的风险。本系统评价的主要目的是评估与孕妇无运动禁忌相关的不良运动相关事件发生时与母体和胎儿反应相关的现有科学信息。采用系统和循证的方法来批判性地分析健康孕妇在怀孕期间进行急性和慢性运动的风险相关证据水平。所有文章均根据专家组制定的标准化评估标准进行筛选。共有 74 项研究纳入了 3766 名孕妇。在这 74 项研究中，只有 35 项研究记录了不良事件的发生或不存在。这些研究的严重不良事件发生率为每 10000 小时运动 1.4 次。当包括更轻微的事件和与运动相关的胎儿心动过缓和心动过速时，不良事件发生率增加到每 10000 小时运动 6.8 次。如果之前不活跃或活跃的女性（无禁忌症）在怀孕期间参加常规身体活动，那么她们发生不良胎儿或母体事件的风险较低。
