Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
Arch Oral Biol. 2012 Jan;57(1):15-22. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.07.001. Epub 2011 Jul 31.
Nanoemulsions (NE) are a unique class of disinfectants produced by mixing a water immiscible liquid phase into an aqueous phase under high shear forces. NE have antimicrobial properties and are also effective anti-biofilm agents.
The effectiveness of nanoemulsion and its components was determined against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei by live/dead staining. In vitro antimicrobial effectiveness of nanoemulsion against planktonic S. mutans, L. casei, Actinomyces viscosus, Candida albicans and mixed culture was determined by a serial dilution technique to obtain minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC). In addition, efficacy was investigated by kinetics of killing, adherence and biofilm assays.
Compared to its components, nanoemulsion showed notable antimicrobial activity against biofilm organisms, up to 83.0% kill within 1min. NE dilutions ranging from 243 to 19683 were effective against planktonic S. mutans, L. casei, A. viscosus, C. albicans and mixed culture of these four strains as shown through MIC/MBC assays. NE showed antimicrobial activity against planktonic cells at high dilutions, confirmed by time kill studies. The level of adhesion on glass surface was reduced by 94.2-99.5% in nanoemulsion treated groups (p<0.001). 4-Day-old S. mutans, L. casei, A. viscosus, C. albicans and mixed cultures biofilms treated with NE showed reductions of bacterial counts with decreasing dilutions (p<0.001).
These results suggest that nanoemulsion has effective anti-cariogenic activity against cariogenic microorganisms and may be a useful medication in the prevention of caries.
纳米乳剂（NE）是通过在高剪切力下将水不混溶的液相混合到水相中而产生的一种独特的消毒剂类别。NE 具有抗菌性能，也是有效的抗生物膜剂。
通过死活染色法确定纳米乳剂及其成分对变形链球菌和干酪乳杆菌的杀菌效果。通过连续稀释技术测定纳米乳剂对浮游变形链球菌、干酪乳杆菌、粘性放线菌、白色念珠菌和混合培养物的体外抗菌效果，以获得最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度（MIC/MBC）。此外，还通过杀菌动力学、黏附及生物膜检测研究了其疗效。
与成分相比，纳米乳剂对生物膜生物具有显著的抗菌活性，在 1 分钟内可达到 83.0%的杀灭率。MIC/MBC 检测结果显示，浓度范围为 243-19683 的 NE 稀释液对浮游变形链球菌、干酪乳杆菌、粘性放线菌、白色念珠菌和这四种菌株的混合培养物均有效。时间杀伤实验证实，NE 在高稀释度下对浮游细胞也具有抗菌活性。纳米乳剂处理组玻璃表面的黏附水平降低了 94.2-99.5%（p<0.001）。NE 处理 4 天龄的变形链球菌、干酪乳杆菌、粘性放线菌、白色念珠菌和混合培养物生物膜，随着稀释度的降低，细菌计数减少（p<0.001）。
这些结果表明，纳米乳剂对致龋微生物具有有效的抗龋活性，可能是预防龋齿的有用药物。
