Department of Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastrasse 1, Zweibrücken, Germany.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2011 Oct;55(10):1592-6. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201100124. Epub 2011 Aug 2.
Breast-feeding plays an important role for the development of the newborn. Non-breast fed premature born infants show a significantly higher risk of developing diseases like infantile diarrhoea and necrotizing enterocolitis. In this study, the content of neurotrophic factors and cytokines, which might influence the postnatal development of the enteric nervous system (ENS), was determined in human breast milk. Glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) as well as a panel of cytokines were analyzed using single factor or multiplex ELISA. In order to link their presence in milk with possible effects on the development of the ENS, rat myenteric neurons were cultured in protein extracts from breast milk. Neurite outgrowth, neuron survival and nestin expression in glial cells were measured. Growth factors and cytokines were found in all breast milk samples at varying concentrations. It could be demonstrated that protein extracts of breast milk increased the amount of surviving enteric neurones as well as neurite outgrowth. Additionally it was shown, that the number of nestin and S100-expressing glial cells increased significantly after incubating in breast milk protein extracts. The data suggest that milk-born proteins support the development of the enteric nervous system.
母乳喂养对新生儿的发育起着重要作用。未母乳喂养的早产儿患婴儿腹泻和坏死性小肠结肠炎等疾病的风险显著增加。在这项研究中，测定了人乳中可能影响肠神经发育的神经营养因子和细胞因子的含量。使用单因素或多重 ELISA 分析了胶质细胞源性神经营养因子 (GDNF)、睫状神经营养因子 (CNTF) 以及一系列细胞因子。为了将它们在牛奶中的存在与其对 ENS 发育的可能影响联系起来，将大鼠肌间神经元在母乳蛋白提取物中培养。测量神经突生长、神经元存活和神经胶质细胞中的巢蛋白表达。在所有母乳样本中都以不同的浓度发现了生长因子和细胞因子。结果表明，母乳蛋白提取物增加了存活的肠神经元的数量和神经突生长。此外，在用母乳蛋白提取物孵育后，巢蛋白和 S100 表达的神经胶质细胞数量显著增加。这些数据表明，牛奶中产生的蛋白质支持肠神经系统的发育。
