Neonatal Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Ital J Pediatr. 2024 Sep 30;50(1):201. doi: 10.1186/s13052-024-01773-z.
Human Milk is the best option for infant feeding; and for this reason, it should be promoted, protected, and supported. HM is an individual-specific-dynamic biofluid, characterized by an extreme variability in its composition. A wealth of literature has investigated how HM is related to healthy development. An association between HM composition, including nutrients and growth-related hormones as well as other bioactive components, and short-term and long-term infant outcomes could support this statement; however, the evidence is limited. In fact, HM composition is difficult to examine as it is dynamic and changes within a single feed, diurnally, according to stage of lactation and between and within populations. The aim of this review is summarizing only the innovative knowledge on the association between HM composition and long-term outcomes: infant growth and neurodevelopment. In this specific contest, macronutrients and historical biological component with well recognized effect were excluded (i.e. LCPUFA, DHA, iodine). Revised articles have been found in MEDLINE using breast milk-related outcomes, neurodevelopment, infant growth, breast milk-related biological factors, biomarkers, biological active components, and constituents as keywords. Moreover, we focus our search on the latest research results.
人乳是婴儿喂养的最佳选择；因此，应该提倡、保护和支持母乳喂养。人乳是一种个体特异性的动态生物流体，其成分具有极高的可变性。大量文献研究了人乳与人的健康发育之间的关系。人乳成分（包括营养物质、生长相关激素和其他生物活性成分）与人乳短期和长期喂养效果之间的关联可以支持这一说法；然而，目前证据有限。事实上，由于人乳成分具有动态变化的特点，在单次喂养、昼夜、泌乳阶段以及不同人群和人群内部都在不断变化，因此其成分很难进行检查。本综述的目的是仅总结人乳成分与人乳喂养长期效果（婴儿生长和神经发育）之间关联的创新性知识。在这一特定情况下，我们排除了具有明确作用的宏量营养素和历史生物成分（即长链多不饱和脂肪酸、二十二碳六烯酸、碘）。我们在 MEDLINE 中使用与人乳相关的结果、神经发育、婴儿生长、人乳相关生物因素、生物标志物、生物活性成分和组成作为关键词搜索了相关文献，并重点关注最新的研究结果。
