Programme of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.
Mycopathologia. 2012 Jan;173(1):53-61. doi: 10.1007/s11046-011-9462-2. Epub 2011 Aug 17.
Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum are the major causal agents of Fusarium head blight in Turkey. They produce trichothecenes such as deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and their several acetylated derivatives, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON). In this study, a total of thirty-three isolates of F. graminearum and F. culmorum were collected from various regions and three different hosts. They were identified by amplification of tri5 gene cluster. Totally 32 isolates, 21 of F. culmorum and 11 of F. graminearum, were determined as DON chemotype, while only one F. graminearum isolate (1F) was detected as a NIV. A 282 base pair (bp) band for tri13 gene and also ranging from 458 to 535 bp bands for tri7 gene were amplified in all DON producers' genomes. Further analysis of DON chemotype based on tri3 gene amplification showed that all isolates of F. graminearum displayed 15-ADON sub-chemotype. They yielded a 863 bp amplicon. Similarly, 3-ADON sub-chemotype was identified in F. culmorum' isolates except F13. As a result of tri3 gene assay, it was produced a 583 bp fragment in these twenty isolates. It is the first report that a F. graminearum isolate depicts NIV chemotype in agricultural regions of Turkey. According to our findings, DON chemotype is predominating in our country. Also, it is presented that most of the F. graminearum isolates have 15-ADON sub-chemotype, while all F. culmorum's belong to 3-ADON which possess full length amplicon of tri7 gene.
镰刀菌禾谷种和镰刀菌黑穗种是土耳其镰孢头枯病的主要致病因子。它们产生脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（NIV）及其几种乙酰化衍生物，如 3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（3-ADON）和 15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（15-ADON）。在这项研究中，从不同地区和三种不同宿主中总共采集了 33 株镰刀菌禾谷种和镰刀菌黑穗种的分离株。通过扩增 tri5 基因簇对它们进行了鉴定。共有 32 株分离株，21 株为镰刀菌黑穗种，11 株为镰刀菌禾谷种，被确定为 DON 化学型，而只有一株镰刀菌禾谷种（1F）被检测为 NIV。所有 DON 产生菌的基因组中均扩增出 tri13 基因的 282 碱基对（bp）带，以及 tri7 基因的 458 至 535 bp 带。基于 tri3 基因扩增对 DON 化学型的进一步分析表明，所有镰刀菌禾谷种的分离株均显示出 15-ADON 亚化学型。它们产生一个 863 bp 的扩增子。同样，除了 F13 之外，镰刀菌黑穗种的分离株也鉴定出 3-ADON 亚化学型。通过 tri3 基因检测，这 20 株菌产生了一个 583 bp 的片段。这是首次在土耳其农业区报告镰刀菌禾谷种显示 NIV 化学型。根据我们的发现，DON 化学型在我国占主导地位。此外，还表明大多数镰刀菌禾谷种分离株具有 15-ADON 亚化学型，而所有镰刀菌黑穗种都属于 3-ADON，其 tri7 基因全长扩增子。
