Pulmonary Division, Kantonsspital, Münsterlingen, Switzerland.
Expert Rev Respir Med. 2011 Aug;5(4):573-89. doi: 10.1586/ers.11.46.
Respiratory disorders in sleep are highly prevalent and increasingly recognized. Among these, obstructive sleep apnea, resulting in daytime fatigue and somnolence, increased risk of workplace and traffic accidents but also psychosocial dysfunction, is most often diagnosed. As an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic disease, obstructive sleep apnea has recently attracted even more attention. Apart from continuous positive airway pressure, only a few alternative treatment options are available. Individual history is still most important for selecting patients for sleep studies. Fatigue and a high subjective propensity to fall asleep during the daytime, a history of snoring and breathing pauses during sleep combined with anthropometric risk factors make a diagnosis very likely. Other night-time respiratory disorders include central sleep apnea, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, obesity hypoventilation syndrome and mixed sleep apnea syndromes. The diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing can be made by comprehensive sleep studies in a sleep laboratory, but also using portable equipment for cardiorespiratory monitoring and measurement of oxygen desaturation at home, according to pretest probabilities, individual experience and local preferences.
睡眠呼吸障碍非常普遍，且越来越受到重视。其中，阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停最常见，可导致日间疲劳和嗜睡、增加工作场所和交通事故风险，还可导致心理社会功能障碍。阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停作为心血管和代谢疾病的独立危险因素，最近受到了更多关注。除持续气道正压通气外，目前仅有少数替代治疗方法。个体病史对于选择进行睡眠研究的患者仍然至关重要。白天疲劳和强烈的嗜睡倾向、打鼾和睡眠呼吸暂停史，再加上人体测量学危险因素，都高度提示诊断。其他夜间呼吸障碍包括中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停、Cheyne-Stokes 呼吸、肥胖低通气综合征和混合性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征。睡眠呼吸障碍的诊断可通过睡眠实验室中的全面睡眠研究进行，也可根据预测试验概率、个体经验和当地偏好，使用便携式设备进行心肺监测和家庭血氧饱和度测量。
