Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy.
Nutr Cancer. 2011;63(7):983-90. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2011.596642. Epub 2011 Aug 24.
This review focuses on selected aspects of the relation between alcohol consumption and cancer risk. Heavy alcohol consumption (i.e., ≥4 drinks/day) is significantly associated with an increased risk of about 5-fold for oral and pharyngeal cancer and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 2.5-fold for laryngeal cancer, 50% for colorectal and breast cancers, and 30% for pancreatic cancer. These estimates are based on a large number of epidemiological studies and are generally consistent across strata of several covariates. The evidence suggests that at low doses of alcohol consumption (i.e., ≤1 drink/day) the risk is also increased by about 20% for oral and pharyngeal cancer and 30% for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Thus, for these sites there is little evidence of a threshold effect. While consumption of fewer than 3 alcoholic drinks/wk is not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, an intake of 3 to 6 drinks/wk might already yield a (small) increase in risk. On the other hand, intakes up to 1 drink/day are not associated to the risk of laryngeal, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer. The positive association between alcohol consumption and the risk of head and neck cancers is independent from tobacco exposure.
这篇综述重点关注饮酒与癌症风险之间的关系的几个方面。大量流行病学研究表明，大量饮酒（即每天≥4 杯）与口腔癌和咽癌、喉癌、结直肠癌和乳腺癌风险分别增加 5 倍、2.5 倍、50%和 30%，与胰腺癌风险增加 30%显著相关。这些估计值通常在几个协变量的分层中具有一致性。这些证据表明，低剂量饮酒（即每天≤1 杯）也会使口腔癌和咽癌的风险增加约 20%，食管癌的风险增加 30%。因此，对于这些部位，几乎没有证据表明存在阈值效应。每周饮用少于 3 份含酒精饮料与乳腺癌风险增加无关，但每周饮用 3 至 6 份可能已经会使风险（略有）增加。另一方面，每天摄入 1 份以下与喉癌、结直肠癌和胰腺癌的风险无关。饮酒与头颈部癌症风险之间的正相关与吸烟无关。
