Mashanov V S, García-Arrarás J E
Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan.
Biol Bull. 2011 Aug;221(1):93-109. doi: 10.1086/BBLv221n1p93.
Visceral regeneration in sea cucumbers has been studied since early last century; however, it is only within the last 15 years that real progress has been made in understanding the cellular and molecular events involved. In the present review, we bring together these recent studies, providing readers with basic information on the anatomy and histology of the normal gut and detailing the changes in tissue organization and gene expression that occur during the regenerative process. We discuss the nature and possible sources of cells involved in the formation of the intestinal regenerate as well as the role of cell death and proliferation in this process. In addition, we compare gut formation during regeneration and during embryogenesis. Finally, we describe the molecular studies that have helped advance regenerative studies in holothurians and integrate the gene expression information with data on cellular events. Studies on visceral regeneration in these echinoderms provide a unique view that complements regeneration studies in other animal phyla, which are mainly focused on whole-animal regeneration or appendage regeneration.
自上世纪初以来，人们就开始研究海参的内脏再生；然而，直到最近15年，在了解其中涉及的细胞和分子事件方面才取得了真正的进展。在本综述中，我们汇集了这些最新研究，为读者提供有关正常肠道解剖学和组织学的基本信息，并详细介绍再生过程中发生的组织组织和基因表达变化。我们讨论了参与肠道再生形成的细胞的性质和可能来源，以及细胞死亡和增殖在此过程中的作用。此外，我们比较了再生过程和胚胎发生过程中的肠道形成。最后，我们描述了有助于推进海参再生研究的分子研究，并将基因表达信息与细胞事件数据相结合。对这些棘皮动物内脏再生的研究提供了一个独特的视角，补充了其他动物门的再生研究，后者主要集中在全动物再生或附肢再生上。
