Liverpool John Moores University, The Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Unit (BioStem), Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Room 1.41, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
Heart. 2012 Jan;98(1):5-10. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300639. Epub 2011 Aug 31.
Exercise training fosters the health and performance of the cardiovascular system, and represents nowadays a powerful tool for cardiovascular therapy. Exercise exerts its beneficial effects through reducing cardiovascular risk factors, and directly affecting the cellular and molecular remodelling of the heart. Traditionally, moderate endurance exercise training has been viewed to determine a balanced and revertible physiological growth, through cardiomyocyte hypertrophy accompanied by appropriate neoangiogenesis (the Athlete's Heart). These cellular adaptations are due to the activation of signalling pathways and in particular, the IGF-1/IGF-1R/Akt axis appears to have a major role. Recently, it has been shown that physical exercise determines cardiac growth also through new cardiomyocyte formation. Accordingly, burgeoning evidence indicates that exercise training activates circulating, as well as resident tissue-specific cardiac, stem/progenitor cells. Dissecting the mechanisms for stem/progenitor cell activation with exercise will be instrumental to devise new effective therapies, encompassing myocardial regeneration for a large spectrum of cardiovascular diseases.
运动训练促进心血管系统的健康和功能，目前是心血管治疗的有力工具。运动通过降低心血管危险因素，并直接影响心脏的细胞和分子重塑发挥其有益作用。传统上，适度的耐力运动训练被认为可以通过伴随适当的新生血管形成的心肌细胞肥大来确定平衡和可逆转的生理生长（运动员心脏）。这些细胞适应性归因于信号通路的激活，特别是 IGF-1/IGF-1R/Akt 轴似乎具有主要作用。最近，已经表明，体育锻炼还通过新的心肌细胞形成来决定心脏生长。因此，越来越多的证据表明，运动训练激活循环系统以及驻留的组织特异性心脏干细胞/祖细胞。解析运动引起干细胞/祖细胞激活的机制对于设计新的有效治疗方法至关重要，包括针对广泛的心血管疾病的心肌再生。
