Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
PLoS Med. 2011 Sep;8(9):e1001090. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001090. Epub 2011 Sep 6.
Observational studies have documented inverse associations between moderate alcohol consumption and risk of premature death. It is largely unknown whether moderate alcohol intake is also associated with overall health and well-being among populations who have survived to older age. In this study, we prospectively examined alcohol use assessed at midlife in relation to successful ageing in a cohort of US women.
Alcohol consumption at midlife was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Subsequently, successful ageing was defined in 13,894 Nurses' Health Study participants who survived to age 70 or older, and whose health status was continuously updated. "Successful ageing" was considered as being free of 11 major chronic diseases and having no major cognitive impairment, physical impairment, or mental health limitations. Analyses were restricted to the 98.1% of participants who were not heavier drinkers (>45 g/d) at midlife. Of all eligible study participants, 1,491 (10.7%) achieved successful ageing. After multivariable adjustment of potential confounders, light-to-moderate alcohol consumption at midlife was associated with modestly increased odds of successful ageing. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.0 (referent) for nondrinkers, 1.11 (0.96-1.29) for ≤ 5.0 g/d, 1.19 (1.01-1.40) for 5.1-15.0 g/d, 1.28 (1.03-1.58) for 15.1-30.0 g/d, and 1.24 (0.87-1.76) for 30.1-45.0 g/d. Meanwhile, independent of total alcohol intake, participants who drank alcohol at regular patterns throughout the week, rather than on a single occasion, had somewhat better odds of successful ageing; for example, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.29 (1.01-1.64) and 1.47 (1.14-1.90) for those drinking 3-4 days and 5-7 days per week in comparison with nondrinkers, respectively, whereas the odds ratio was 1.10 (0.94-1.30) for those drinking only 1-2 days per week.
These data suggest that regular, moderate consumption of alcohol at midlife may be related to a modest increase in overall health status among women who survive to older ages.
观察性研究记录到，适量饮酒与早逝风险呈负相关。在那些已经活到老年的人群中，适量饮酒是否也与整体健康和幸福感有关，这在很大程度上尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们前瞻性地研究了中年时期的饮酒情况与美国女性队列中老年人的成功老龄化之间的关系。
使用经过验证的食物频率问卷评估中年时期的饮酒情况。随后，在幸存至 70 岁或以上且健康状况持续更新的 13894 名护士健康研究参与者中定义了成功老龄化。“成功老龄化”被认为是没有 11 种主要慢性疾病、没有严重认知障碍、身体损伤或精神健康限制。分析仅限于中年时不是重度饮酒者（>45g/d）的 98.1%的参与者。在所有合格的研究参与者中，有 1491 人（10.7%）达到了成功老龄化。在调整了潜在混杂因素后，中年时期的轻度至中度饮酒与成功老龄化的几率适度增加有关。比值比（95%置信区间）为 1.0（参照），不饮酒者为 1.11（0.96-1.29），<5g/d 者为 1.19（1.01-1.40），5.1-15g/d 者为 1.28（1.03-1.58），15.1-30g/d 者为 1.24（0.87-1.76），30.1-45g/d 者为 1.24（0.87-1.76）。同时，无论总饮酒量如何，每周有规律地饮酒而不是仅在某一天饮酒的参与者成功老龄化的几率要好一些；例如，每周饮酒 3-4 天和 5-7 天的参与者与不饮酒者相比，其比值比（95%置信区间）分别为 1.29（1.01-1.64）和 1.47（1.14-1.90），而每周仅饮酒 1-2 天的参与者比值比为 1.10（0.94-1.30）。
这些数据表明，中年时期有规律地适量饮酒可能与活到老年的女性整体健康状况的适度改善有关。
