Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2012 Mar;19(3):689-99. doi: 10.1007/s11356-011-0614-1. Epub 2011 Sep 11.
Some of the pharmaceuticals that are not extensively investigated in the aquatic environment are the anesthetic lidocaine (LDC), the analgesic tramadol (TRA), and the antidepressant venlafaxine (VEN). LDC metabolizes to 2,6-xylidine (2,6-DMA) and monoethylglycinexylidine (MEGX), TRA to O-desmethyltramadol (ODT), and VEN to O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV). Within this study, the distribution and behavior of these compounds in German wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were investigated.
Samples of influents and effluents from WWTPs in Hesse, Germany were collected between January and September 2010. Analytes were extracted from wastewater samples by solid-phase extraction and from solid samples by sonication. Extracts were measured using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
LDC, TRA, VEN, ODT, and ODV were detected in all analyzed influent and effluent samples. 2,6-DMA could not be identified. MEGX was not detected. TRA and ODV were present in untreated wastewater at the highest concentrations (max, 1,129 (TRA) and 3,302 ng L⁻¹ (ODV)), while the concentrations of LDC and VEN were all significantly lower (mean, 135 (LDC) and 116 ng L⁻¹ (VEN)). All of the analytes were only partially removed in the WWTPs. The mean ratios between the concentrations of the metabolites and their respective parent compounds in influents were 4.7 (ODV/VEN) and 0.7 (ODT/TRA). These values remain approximately constant comparing influents and effluents.
LDC, TRA, VEN, ODT, and ODV are only partially removed from sewage water by WWTPs and thus are continuously discharged in respective recipient rivers. A further transformation of TRA and VEN into the known metabolites during treatment in the WWTPs is not observed.
一些在水生环境中研究不充分的药物是麻醉剂利多卡因（LDC）、镇痛药曲马多（TRA）和抗抑郁药文拉法辛（VEN）。LDC 代谢为 2,6-二甲氧基苯胺（2,6-DMA）和单乙基甘氨酸二甲氧基苯胺（MEGX），TRA 代谢为 O-去甲基曲马多（ODT），VEN 代谢为 O-去甲基文拉法辛（ODV）。在本研究中，研究了这些化合物在德国污水处理厂（WWTP）中的分布和行为。
2010 年 1 月至 9 月，采集了德国黑森州 WWTP 的进水和出水样本。用固相萃取法从废水样品中提取分析物，用超声法从固体样品中提取分析物。采用气相色谱/质谱法测定提取物。
在所分析的进水和出水样品中均检测到 LDC、TRA、VEN、ODT 和 ODV。未鉴定出 2,6-DMA。未检测到 MEGX。TRA 和 ODV 以最高浓度存在于未经处理的废水中（最大值，1129ng/L（TRA）和 3302ng/L（ODV）），而 LDC 和 VEN 的浓度均显著较低（平均值，135ng/L（LDC）和 116ng/L（VEN））。所有分析物在 WWTP 中仅部分去除。进水和出水中代谢物与相应母体化合物浓度之间的平均比值为 4.7（ODV/VEN）和 0.7（ODT/TRA）。比较进水和出水时，这些值基本保持不变。
LDC、TRA、VEN、ODT 和 ODV 仅部分从污水中被 WWTP 去除，因此持续排放到受纳河流中。在 WWTP 中处理过程中未观察到 TRA 和 VEN 进一步转化为已知代谢物。
