State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Water Environ Res. 2010 Nov;82(11):2239-48. doi: 10.2175/106143010x12681059116653.
The occurrence of nine different types of pharmaceuticals and caffeine were analyzed in various units of three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and their receiving rivers in Beijing, China. Analyte concentrations were determined using ultra performance liquid chromatograph-tandem quadruple mass spectrometers (UPLC-MS/MS) and multiple-reaction monitoring. The studied pharmaceuticals and caffeine were found in all the WWTPs and receiving rivers. Their concentrations in the WWTP influents varied from 38 ng/L of sulpiride to 89.5 microg/L of caffeine, and those in the effluents ranged from 27 ng/L of sulpiride to 2.7 microg/L of erythromycin. Typically, the biological treatment appeared more effective in the removal of pharmaceuticals and caffeine than primary treatment in a WWTP. For an individual compound, the overall removal efficiency varied from one WWTP to the next. Mean values ranged from no removal of carbamazepine to 99.8% removal of caffeine. Most of the compounds in the receiving rivers were present at similar or higher concentrations compared to those in the WWTP effluents. The data set for this study does not include variations in concentrations along receiving waters because there were other point and nonpoint sources discharging to these rivers. The preliminary aquatic environmental risk assessment showed that carbamazepine, erythromycin, and trimethoprim is a potential chronic environmental risk in water bodies in Beijing, China, and is worth further investigation.
本研究在北京的三个污水处理厂（WWTP）及其受纳河流中分析了九种不同类型的药物和咖啡因的存在情况。采用超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）和多反应监测法测定分析物浓度。在所研究的 WWTP 和受纳河流中均发现了这些药物和咖啡因。它们在 WWTP 进水口中的浓度从 38ng/L 的舒必利到 89.5μg/L 的咖啡因不等，而在出水中的浓度从 27ng/L 的舒必利到 2.7μg/L 的红霉素不等。通常，生物处理比 WWTP 的一级处理更有效地去除药物和咖啡因。对于个别化合物，整体去除效率因 WWTP 而异。平均值范围从卡马西平的无去除到咖啡因的 99.8%去除。与 WWTP 出水中的浓度相比，受纳河流中的大多数化合物的浓度相似或更高。本研究的数据集中没有包含沿受纳水体的浓度变化，因为还有其他点源和非点源向这些河流排放。初步的水生环境风险评估表明，卡马西平、红霉素和甲氧苄啶在中国北京的水体中是一种潜在的慢性环境风险，值得进一步调查。
