Fagerland Morten W, Lydersen Stian, Laake Petter
Unit of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Stat Methods Med Res. 2015 Apr;24(2):224-54. doi: 10.1177/0962280211415469. Epub 2011 Oct 13.
The relationship between two independent binomial proportions is commonly estimated and presented using the difference between proportions, the number needed to treat, the ratio of proportions or the odds ratio. Several different confidence intervals are available, but they can produce markedly different results. Some of the traditional approaches, such as the Wald interval for the difference between proportions and the Katz log interval for the ratio of proportions, do not perform well unless the sample size is large. Better intervals are available. This article describes and compares approximate and exact confidence intervals that are - with one exception - easy to calculate or available in common software packages. We illustrate the performances of the intervals and make recommendations for both small and moderate-to-large sample sizes.
两个独立二项比例之间的关系通常使用比例之差、治疗所需人数、比例之比或比值比来估计和呈现。有几种不同的置信区间可供使用，但它们可能会产生明显不同的结果。一些传统方法，如比例之差的Wald区间和比例之比的Katz对数区间，除非样本量很大，否则表现不佳。有更好的区间可供选择。本文描述并比较了近似置信区间和精确置信区间，除了一个例外，这些区间易于计算或可在常用软件包中获得。我们展示了这些区间的性能，并针对小样本和中等到大样本给出了建议。
